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V.—On the Thickness, Expansion, and Resulting Elevation of Marine Deposits
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 May 2009
Extract
When one refers back to such a paper as that by Babbage on the Temple of Serapis at Pozzuoli, one feels humiliated by the little advance which has been made in certain branches of dynamical geology within the last sixty years. That paper contains a full and elaborate account of the plan and history of the Temple and of the remarkable changes of level which its site has undergone gone; and the author speculates among other causes upon the expansion and contraction of the underlying rocks, owing to changes of temperature arising from its being situated in a volcanic district, and he is thence led to speculate on the larger question of the depression and elevation of regions of the earth's surface through the fall and rise of the isogeotherms, caused by denudation and deposition respectively.
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References
page 254 note 1 Read March 12, 1834; under which date see full abstract in Proc. Geol. Soc. Vol. ii. p. 72.Google Scholar For paper in full see Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. iii. p. 186.Google Scholar
page 255 note 1 Proc. Geol. Soc. vol. ii. pp. 548 and 596.Google Scholar
page 255 note 2 Physics of the Earth's Crust, chap. x. 2nd edition.
page 255 note 3 American geologists have called this “Isostacy.”
page 256 note 1 See the Author's Physics of the Earth's Crust, ch. vi. Prof. Bartoli found the temperature of lava issuing from an underground gallery at Etna, in 1893, to be 1060° C., and after flowing a mile it was 870° C., and still liquid. This shows that it was above the melting temperature at its first appearing.
page 257 note 1 Astronomers admit this. Professor Newcomb says “We have next to consider the effect of viscosity of the earth. Those geologists who have given special attention to the subject regard it as well established that the earth yields under the weight of deposits as if it were a thin crust floating upon a liquid interior and therefore must be a viscous solid if a solid at all.”—Monthly Notices of the Roy. Ast. Soc., March, 1892.
Prof. Harkness of the U.S.A. Navy writes of the plausibility of the theory of hydrostatic equilibrium of the crust in his great work on the Solar Parallax, etc.
page 258 note 1 See “Appendix to Physics of the Earth's Crust,” p. 19.Google Scholar
page 259 note 1 “On the Height of the Land and Depth of the Ocean,” Scottish Geographical Magazine, vol. iv. 01 1888.Google Scholar