Article contents
The End of the “Woodward and Bernstein” Era? The German Constitutional Court and Journalists’ Privacy on Mobile Phones
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 06 March 2019
Extract
In a society in which communication is increasingly mediated by electronic networks the methods of police investigation change. Instead of traditional methods like questioning and plain-view surveillance, the police increasingly prefer the surveillance of communications mediated by networks. The corresponding methods offer possibilities of gaining information which were not available before. Especially if the police use them without preliminary knowledge or a base suspicion at an early stage of the investigation, these methods are characterized by their scope: they result in the collection of a lot of irrelevant information and they affect many uninvolved and innocent persons. But at the same time they may furnish exactly the evidence the police are looking for: the phone number and whereabouts of the suspect; the conversation that verifies participation in an offense. It can be no surprise that these methods have become the central methods of investigation.
- Type
- Public Law
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © 2003 by German Law Journal GbR
References
1 For numbers and the increase in the use of electronic surveillance in Germany see www.datenschutz.hessen.de/f09set.htm; according to the paper “Transparenz bei der Telefonüberwachung” the number of surveillance measures has increased annually for 25 percent. See also the 19. Tätigkeitsbericht 2001 und 2002 des Bundesbeauftragten für den Datenschutz, www.bfd.bund.de/information/berichte.html. For the increase of wiretaps in the US see the Center for Democracy & Technology www.cdt.org/digi_tele/wiretap-overview.html.Google Scholar
2 BVerfGE 20, 162 (176); 77, 65 (64 f.); 100, 313 (365).Google Scholar
3 “Baulöwe Schneider in Miami verhaftet”, Die Welt, 20.05.1995, also published in www.welt.de/daten/1995/05/20/0520wi110298.htx.Google Scholar
4 For further background information of the assault on the OPEC-Conference see “Anschlag auf OPEC-Tagung” in www.rhein-zeitung.de/on/00/10/17/topnews/kleinhin.html.Google Scholar
5 LG Frankfurt, NJW 1996, 1008 et. seq.Google Scholar
6 “The privacy of correspondence, posts and telecommunications shall be inviolable.”Google Scholar
7 “Every person shall have the right freely to express and disseminate his opinions in speech, writing, and pictures and to inform himself without hinderance from generally accessible sources. Freedom of the press and freedom of reporting by means of broadcasts and films shall be guaranteed. There shall be no censorship.”Google Scholar
8 BVerfGE 67, 157 (172); 85, 386 (396); 100, 313 (358 et. seq.); BVerfG, Decision of 12 March 2003, 1 BvR 330/96, and 348/99, Para. 47, http://www.bverfg.de.Google Scholar
9 BVerfGE 85, 386 (396).Google Scholar
10 BVerfGE 67, 157 (172); 85, 386 (396); 100, 313 (358).Google Scholar
11 Therefore the protection doesn't depend on the obligation of the mobile network provider to follow the order. An impairment of the state would exist as well if the provider gave the information voluntary.Google Scholar
12 “Restrictions may be ordered only pursuant to law.”Google Scholar
13 For any differences between the former and the new law see BT-Drs. 14/7679; Johann Bizer, Verpflichtung zur Herausgabe von TK-Verbindungsdaten an den Staatsanwalt, DuD 26 (2002), 237.Google Scholar
14 BVerfG, Decision of 12 March 2003, 1 BvR 330/96, and 348/99, Para. 55, http://www.bverfg.de.Google Scholar
15 See BVerfGE 45, 187 (260 et. seq.); 48, 118 (123 et. seq.); 59, 95 (97).Google Scholar
16 The Court has emphasized the legitimation of this objective several times, BVerfGE 77, 65 (76); 80, 367 (375); 100, 313 (388 et. seq.).Google Scholar
17 BVerfG, Decision of 12 March 2003, 1 BvR 330/96, and 348/99, Paras. 58 et. seq., http://www.bverfg.de.Google Scholar
18 BVerfG, Decision of 12 March 2003, 1 BvR 330/96, and 348/99, Paras. 61 et. seq., http://www.bverfg.de.Google Scholar
19 BVerfG, Decision of 12 March 2003, 1 BvR 330/96, and 348/99, Para. 71, http://www.bverfg.de; BVerfGE 100, 313 (381).Google Scholar
20 BVerfG, Decision of 12 March 2003, 1 BvR 330/96, and 348/99, Paras. 72 et. seq., http://www.bverfg.de.Google Scholar
21 BVerfG, Decision of 12 March 2003, 1 BvR 330/96, and 348/99, Paras. 66 et. seq., http://www.bverfg.de.Google Scholar
22 BVerfG, Decision of 12 March 2003, 1 BvR 330/96, and 348/99, Paras. 75 et. seq., http://www.bverfg.de.Google Scholar
23 BVerfG, Decision of 12 March 2003, 1 BvR 330/96, and 348/99, Paras. 80 et. seq., http://www.bverfg.de.Google Scholar
24 BVerfG, Decision of 12 March 2003, 1 BvR 330/96, and 348/99, Para. 92, http://www.bverfg.de.Google Scholar
25 The reason is that regularly only the calling person has to pay the call.Google Scholar
26 BVerfG, Decision of 12 March 2003, 1 BvR 330/96, and 348/99, Para. 98, http://www.bverfg.de.Google Scholar
27 BVerfG, Decision of 12 March 2003, 1 BvR 330/96, and 348/99, Para. 99, http://www.bverfg.de.Google Scholar
28 BVerfG, Decision of 12 March 2003, 1 BvR 330/96, and 348/99, Paras. 86 et. seq., http://www.bverfg.de.Google Scholar
29 BVerfGE 103, 142 (151 et. seq.).Google Scholar
30 BVerfGE 7, 198 (208); 101, 361 (389).Google Scholar
31 BVerfGE 20, 162 (176, 187 et. seq.); 50, 234 (240); 66, 116 (133 et. seq.); 77, 65 (74 et. seq.); 100, 313 (365); BVerfG, Decision of 12 March 2003, 1 BvR 330/96, and 348/99, Paras. 102 et. seq., http://www.bverfg.de.Google Scholar
32 BVerfG, Decision of 12 March 2003, 1 BvR 330/96, and 348/99, Paras. 105 et. seq., http://www.bverfg.de.Google Scholar
33 Section 53 Abs. 1 Satz 1 Nr. 5 StPO.Google Scholar
34 Section 97 Abs. 5 StPO.Google Scholar
35 BVerfG, Decision of 12 March 2003, 1 BvR 330/96, and 348/99, Paras. 117 et. seq., http://www.bverfg.de.Google Scholar
36 BVerfG, Decision of 12 March 2003, 1 BvR 330/96, and 348/99, Paras. 119 et. seq., http://www.bverfg.de.Google Scholar
37 BVerfG, Decision of 12 March 2003, 1 BvR 330/96, and 348/99, Paras. 121 et. seq., http://www.bverfg.de.Google Scholar
- 1
- Cited by