Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-11T05:05:39.811Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Why Northern Ireland’s Institutions Need Stability

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 August 2014

Abstract

Northern Ireland’s consociational institutions were reviewed by a committee of its Assembly in 2012–13. The arguments of both critics and exponents of the arrangements are of general interest to scholars of comparative politics, power-sharing and constitutional design. The authors of this article review the debates and evidence on the d’Hondt rule of executive formation, political designation, the likely impact of changing district magnitudes for assembly elections, and existing patterns of opposition and accountability. They evaluate the scholarly, political and legal literature before commending the merits of maintaining the existing system, including the rules under which the system might be modified in future.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s). Published by Government and Opposition Limited and Cambridge University Press 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

Christopher McCrudden is Professor of Human Rights and Equality Law, Queen’s University, Belfast. Contact email: chris.mccrudden@qub.ac.uk.

John McGarry is Professor of Political Studies and Canada Research Chair in Nationalism and Democracy in the Department of Political Studies at Queen’s University, Ontario. Contact email: john.mcgarry@queensu.ca.

Brendan O’Leary is Lauder Professor of Political Science at the University of Pennsylvania. Contact email: boleary@sas.upenn.edu.

Alex Schwartz is a Lecturer in the School of Law at Queen’s University, Belfast. Contact email: a.schwartz@qub.ac.uk.

References

AERC (Assembly and Executive Review Committee) (2012), ‘Review of the Number of Members of the Northern Ireland Legislative Assembly and on the Reduction in the Number of Northern Ireland Departments’, 12 June, Report: NIA 52/11-15.Google Scholar
Analysis of the Northern Ireland Peace Agreement (1999), Fordham Journal of International Law, 22.Google Scholar
Balinski, M.L. and Peyton Young, H. (1982), Fair Representation: Meeting the Ideal of One Man, One Vote (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press).Google Scholar
Cheeseman, N. and Blessing-Miles, T. (2010), ‘Power-sharing in Comparative Perspective: The Dynamics of “Unity Government” in Kenya and Zimbabwe’, Journal of Modern African Studies, 48(2): 203229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conley, R.S. (2013), ‘The Consociational Model and Question Time in the Northern Ireland Assembly: Policy Issues, Procedural Reforms and Executive Accountability 2007–2011’, Irish Political Studies, 28(1): 7898.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cox, G.W. (1997), Making Votes Count: Strategic Coordination in the World’s Electoral Systems (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Department of Justice (Northern Ireland) Act 2010 c. 3, www.legislation.gov.uk/nia/2010/3.Google Scholar
Dunleavy, P. and Rhodes, R.A.W. (1995) (eds), Prime Minister, Cabinet, and Core Executive (Basingstoke: Macmillan Press).Google Scholar
Dunleavy, P., Jones, G.W. and O’Leary, B. (1990), ‘British Prime Ministers and Parliament’, Public Administration, 68(1): 123140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
European Court of Human Rights (2009), Case of Sejdić and Finci v. Bosnia and Herzegovina, 27996/06 34836/06, Judgment (Merits and Just Satisfaction), Court (Grand Chamber), 22 December.Google Scholar
Hix, S. and Høyland, B. (2011) (eds), The Political System of the European Union, 3rd edn (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, A. (2001), Does the United Kingdom Still Have a Constitution? The Hamlyn Lectures: Fifty-Second Series (London: Sweet & Maxwell).Google Scholar
Lijphart, A. (1994) (ed.), Electoral Systems and Party Systems: A Study of Twenty-Seven Democracies, 1945–1990 (Oxford: Oxford University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lijphart, A. (2012), Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries, 3rd edn (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press).Google Scholar
McCaffrey, R. (2013), ‘Additional Information of Petitions of Concern’, Belfast: Northern Ireland Assembly, Research and Information Service Briefing Paper 189/12, May.Google Scholar
McCaffrey, R. and Moore, T. (2012), ‘Opposition, Community Designation and d’Hondt’, Northern Ireland Assembly, Research and Information Service Briefing Paper 189/12, 4 December (Belfast).Google Scholar
McCrudden, C. (1994), ‘Northern Ireland and the British Constitution’, in J. Jowell and D. Oliver (eds), The Changing Constitution, 3rd edn (Oxford: Clarendon Press): 323375.Google Scholar
McCrudden, C. and O’Leary, B. (2013a), Courts and Consociations: Human Rights versus Power-Sharing (Oxford: Oxford University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCrudden, C. and O’Leary, B. (2013b), ‘Courts and Consociations, or How Human Rights Courts May De-Stabilize Power-Sharing Settlements’, European Journal of International Law, 24(2): 477501.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGarry, J. and O’Leary, B. (2004), ‘Introduction: Consociational Theory and Northern Ireland’, in J. McGarry and B. O’Leary (eds), Essays on the Northern Ireland Conflict: Consociational Engagements (Oxford: Oxford University Press): 161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGarry, J. and O’Leary, B. (2006a), ‘Consociational Theory, Northern Ireland’s Conflict, and its Agreement. Part One: What Consociationalists Can Learn from Northern Ireland’, Government and Opposition, 41(1): 4363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGarry, J. and O’Leary, B. (2006b), ‘Consociational Theory, Northern Ireland’s Conflict, and its Agreement. Part Two: What Anti-Consociationalists Can Learn from Northern Ireland’, Government and Opposition, 41(2), 249277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGarry, J. and O’Leary, B. (2009), ‘Part 1: Argument. Power Shared After the Deaths of Thousands’, in R. Taylor (ed.), Consociational Theory: McGarry and O’Leary and the Northern Ireland Conflict (London: Routledge): 1584.Google Scholar
Morrison, J. (2001), Reforming Britain: New Labour, New Constitution? (Harlow: Pearson Education).Google Scholar
Northern Ireland (St Andrews Agreement) Act 2006 c. 53, www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2006/53.Google Scholar
Northern Ireland Assembly (2013), ‘Assembly and Executive Review Committee, Review of D’Hondt, Community Designation and Provisions for Opposition’, 11 June, NIA 183/11-15.Google Scholar
Northern Ireland Office (2012), ‘Consultation Paper: Consultation on Measures to Improve the Operation of the Northern Ireland Assembly’ (Belfast).Google Scholar
Northern Ireland Office (2013), ‘Summary of Responses to Consultation on Measures to Improve the Operation of the Northern Ireland Assembly’ (Belfast).Google Scholar
O’Leary, B. (1999), ‘The Nature of the Agreement’, Fordham Journal of International Law, 22(4): 16281667.Google Scholar
O’Leary, B. and McGarry, J. (1993), The Politics of Antagonism: Understanding Northern Ireland (London: Athlone).Google Scholar
O’Leary, B., Grofman, B. and Elklit, J. (2005), ‘Divisor Methods for Sequential Portfolio Allocation in Multi-Party Executive Bodies: Evidence from Northern Ireland and Denmark’, American Journal of Political Science, 49(1): 198211.Google Scholar
Poguntke, T. and Webb, P. (2005), The Presidentialization of Politics: A Comparative Study of Modern Democracies (Oxford: Oxford University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, A. (2010), ‘How Unfair is Cross-Community Consent? Voting Power in the Northern Ireland Assembly (June 2010)’, Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly, 61(4): 349362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steiner, J. (1982), ‘Switzerland: “Magic Formula” Coalitions’, in E.C. Browne and J. Dreijmanis (eds), Government Coalitions in Western Democracies (New York: Longman): 315335.Google Scholar
Taagepera, R. and Shugart, M.S. (1989), Seats and Votes: The Effects and Determinants of Electoral Systems (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press).Google Scholar
Wilford, R. (2009), ‘Consociational Government: Inside the Northern Ireland Executive’, in R. Taylor (ed.), Consociational Theory: McGarry and O’Leary and the Northern Ireland Conflict (London: Routledge): 180195.Google Scholar
Wilford, R. (2010), ‘Northern Ireland: The Politics of Restraint’, Parliamentary Affairs, 63(1): 134155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilford, R. (2013), ‘Submission of Evidence by Professor Rick Wilford, Northern Ireland Assembly, Assembly and Executive Review Committee, February 2013’, www.niassembly.gov.uk/Documents/Reports/Assem_Exec_Review/nia-123-11-15-Review-of-DHondt-Community-Designation-and-Provisions-for-Opposition.pdf.Google Scholar
Wilson, R. (2009), ‘From Consociationalism to Interculturalism’, in R. Taylor (ed.) Consociational Theory: McGarry and O’Leary and the Northern Ireland Conflict (London: Routledge): 221236.Google Scholar