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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 January 2009
The ghost of Aristophanes still breathes over the shoulder of any body who wants to discuss, praise, or debunk Menander. Aristophanes' spiritual presence is both inevitable and irrelevant. Inevitable, because to our western world Aristophanes is the Athenian comic poet par excellence, who achieved that miraculous synthesis of imaginative fantasy, vicious satire, elegant parody, comic invention, civic shrewdness, witty obscenity, and the evocative poetry of precise observation. But the ghost of Aristophanes is also an irritating irrelevance when one is considering Menander. An irrelevance, because Aristophanes and the genre that he and other contemporary practitioners had perfected in the last quarter of the fifth century B.c. were as extinct as the great auk a century later, when Menander and a new type of comedy reigned supreme if not unchallenged.
page 1 note 2 For the latest review of the evidence see Handley's edition of Menander, 's Dyskolos (London, 1965), 25ff.Google Scholar , with a valuable bibliography that omits, however, Theuerkauf, , Menanders Dyskolos als Bühnenspiel und Dichtung (Diss. Göttingen, 1960), 111ffGoogle Scholar . Mette, , Lustrum, 10(1965), 35 ff.Google Scholar , provides no refutation of Handley's conclusions.
page 2 note 1 Cf. Gomme, , Essays in Greek History and Literature (Oxford, 1937), 263 f.Google Scholar
page 2 note 2 Cf. BICS 6 (1959), 78Google Scholar , and a forthcoming paper in GRBS;
page 3 note 1 Fr. 416 Körte. This is no place to argue whether this is one continuous fragment or a combination of two separate ones. See Zuntz, , Proceedings of the British Academy, 43 (1956), 209 ff.Google Scholar ; Gomme, , CQ 10 N.S. (1960), 103 ff.CrossRefGoogle Scholar ; and Kokolakis, , Ὁ Ὑпοβολιμαῖος τοũ Μενάνδρου (Athens, 1962)Google Scholar , which is reprinted from vol. 42 of Athena.
page 4 note 1 Anth. Pal. 9. 187.Google Scholar
page 4 note 2 Protrepticus ad Nepotem, vv. 45 ff.Google Scholar
page 4 note 3 In Leo, F., Ausgewählte kleine Schriften, herausgegeben und eingeleitet von Ed. Fraenkel, (Rome, 1960), i. xxxii, n. i.Google Scholar
page 5 note 1 There are promised portions of Karchedonios and Kolax, if a recent newspaper report is to be trusted (Sunday Times, 7 05 1967, 8).Google Scholar
page 5 note 2 ἐρεῖς / τοũτ', οἴδ' ἀκριβῶς, ὤσθ' ὃ μὲν νυνὶ пοεῖς / ἀпόпληκτόν ἐστι.
page 5 note 3 The idea is a Greek platitude. Cf. for example Homer, , Il. iii. 442, xiv. 294Google Scholar ; Anacreon, fr. 34Google Scholar ; Soph. Antig. 790Google Scholar ; Eur. Hipp. 398, fr. 161Google Scholar ; Plato, Phdr. 231 dGoogle Scholar ; Plaut. Merc. 443–6Google Scholar , Truc. 47.Google Scholar
page 5 note 4 In his first 1908 edition.
page 6 note 1 Cf. Gnomon, 39 (1967), 345.Google Scholar
page 6 note 2 Menanders Dyskolos: Untersuchungen zur dramatischen Technik (Beiträge zur klassischen Philologie, 14: Meisenheim am Glan, 1965).Google Scholar
page 6 note 3 So Phaedrus, , v. IGoogle Scholar ; Suda, s.v. Μένανδρος.
page 7 note 1 Menander was λαμпρός καί βίῳ καί γένει, as the anonymous пερί κωμῳδίας (Kaibel, , Comicorum Graecorum Fragmenta, 1. 9), 17, says.Google Scholar
page 7 note 2 Cf. Rh. Mus. 102 (1959) 255.Google Scholar
page 7 note 3 Cf. Gomme, , Essays, 254Google Scholar ; Theuerkauf, , 28 ff.Google Scholar
page 7 note 4 Cf. Phoenix, 18 (1964), 110ff.Google Scholar
page 7 note 5 AJP 80 (1959), 410.Google Scholar
page 8 note 1 5. 36.
page 8 note 2 Barigazzi, 's recent book, La formazione spirituale di Menandro (Turin, 1965)Google Scholar comes at times perilously close to this position, despite its many excellent qualities (cf. CR 17 N.s. [1967], 149 ff.Google Scholar ; Sandbach, , Gnomon 39 (1967), 238 ff.)Google Scholar Three recent general discussions deserve to be singled out for judgment and precise focusing: Webster, , Studies in Menander (Manchester 1950 and 1960), 195 ff.Google Scholar ; Corno, del, Menandro: Le commedie, 1 (Milan, 1966), 39 ff.Google Scholar ; and especially Gaiser, , Antike und Abendland 13 (1967), 8 ff.Google Scholar
page 9 note 1 Cf. Rieth, , Die Kunst Menanders in den ‘Adelphen’ des Terenz, herausgegeben von K. Gaiser (Hildesheim, 1964)Google Scholar , passim and 115 ff.
page 9 note 2 Eth. Nic. 1121b.Google Scholar
page 9 note 3 Cf. Marti, , Lustrum 8 (1963), 78 fGoogle Scholar . and n. 1. The reference to Lessing is given in Greece & Rome 10 N.S. (1963), 140 ff.Google Scholar
page 9 note 4 Cf. especially Webster, , op. cit. 153 ff.Google Scholar
page 10 note 1 I have reopened this question in a paper to appear in CQ.
page 10 note 2 Cf. Wilamowitz, , Schiedsgericht, 65 fGoogle Scholar . Epit. 150ffGoogle Scholar . appears to be a reference to Sophocles, ' Tyro (2. 272 Pearson)Google Scholar , but the charcoal-burner substitutes a goatherd for Sophocles' horseherd, and a ‘wallet of recognition tokens’ (пηρίδιον γνωρισμάτων) for the cradle which is attested for Sophocles by Arist. Politics. 1454b.Google Scholar
page 10 note 3 Men. Sik. 176 ffGoogle Scholar . Kassel; Eur. Orestes, 866 ffGoogle Scholar . Cf. Handley, , BICS 12 (1965), 41 ff.Google Scholar ; Kassel, , Eranos 43 (1965), 8ff.Google Scholar ; and Lloyd-Jones, , GRBS 7 (1966), 140 f.Google Scholar
page 11 note 1 Op. cit., passim and especially 49 ff., 75 ff. The section of this paper that follows could not have been written without Schäfer's penetrating analyses.
page 12 note 1 117ff.
page 12 note 2 166.
page 13 note 1 Cf. Greece & Rome 10 N.s. (1963), 142ffGoogle Scholar . (Adelphoi), and Ludwig, , Gnomon 36 (1964), 159 (Kolax/Eunouchos).Google Scholar
page 14 note 1 Cf. Theuerkauf, , 59.Google Scholar
page 14 note 2 Cf. Stoessl, , Kommentar zu Menanders Dyskolos (Paderborn, 1965), on v. 53.Google Scholar
page 15 note 1 Cf. Phoenix, 18 (1964), 123Google Scholar ; and Handley, and Stoessl, on Dysk. 965 f.Google Scholar
page 16 note 1 On the interpretation of this line see Leo, , Der Monolog im Drama, 102Google Scholar ; and Webster, , CR 15 N.S. (1965), 17.Google Scholar
page 17 note 1 Cf. especially Barigazzi, , 135 ff.Google Scholar
page 17 note 2 Cf. Görier, , Philologus, 105 (1961), 299 ff.Google Scholar ; Williams, , Rh. Mus. 105 (1962), 221 ff.Google Scholar ; and my own note in Phoenix, 18 (1964), 232 ff.Google Scholar
page 17 note 3 The quotation is from Austen, Jane's Northanger AbbeyGoogle Scholar , ch. 5.