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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 09 November 2012
When Oliver Cromwell died on 3 September 1658, addresses of sympathy poured in from across the country. Formal ceremonies channeled sincere anxiety about what would happen to England now that the binding force of the Lord Protector was absent. Yet Gilbert Burnet tells us, in a piece of clerical gossip, that the scene taking place inside Whitehall Palace was, at times, comical.
1 Gilbert, Burnet, A History of His Own Time (6 vols.; Oxford: Clarendon, 1823) 1:141.Google Scholar
2 See , Reason, Grace and Sentiment: A Study of the Language of Religion and Ethics in England, 1660–1780 (2 vols.; Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1991–2000Google Scholar). Her work is more detailed than many of its predecessors and supersedes all other general treatments. See also Spellman, William M., The Latitudinarians and the Church of England, 1660–1700 (Athens, Ga.: University of Georgia Press, 1993Google Scholar) and J, ohn, The Post-Reformation: Religion, Politics, and Society in Britain, 1603–1714 (London: Pearson Longman, 2006).Google Scholar
3 For background to the polyglot Bibles, see Robert, MathiesenThe Great Polyglot Bibles: The Impact of Printing on Religion in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries (Providence, R.I.: John Carter Brown Library, 1985Google Scholar), and Feingold, Mordechai, “Oriental Studies,” in Seventeenth-Century Oxford (ed. Tyacke, Nicholas; 8 vols.; vol. 4 in The History of the University of Oxford; Oxford: Clarendon, 1997) 4:448–501.Google Scholar
4 The Latin titles of the first four polyglot Bibles can be confusing; it is easier to come to the polyglots through a Latin and English description of each. The four Bibles are: 1) the Alcalá de Henares polyglot (the “Complutensian” Bible) (ed. Diego López de Zúñiga et al.; 6 vols.; under the sponsorship of Cardinal Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros; 1515–1517); 2) the Antwerp polyglot (the “Biblia regia”) (ed. Christopher Plantin and Arias Montano; 8 vols.; 1572); 3) the Paris polyglot (ed. Guy-Michel LeJay and Antoine Vitré; 10 vols.; 1645); and 4) the London polyglot (the Biblia sacra polyglotta) (ed. Brian Walton; 6 vols; 1655–1657). The Antwerp and Paris polyglots each added little to contemporary knowledge of how to edit manuscripts; also, the Paris polyglot cost so much to print that its sales could not cover the costs, an outcome that Walton was determined to avoid.Google Scholar
5 Miller, Peter N., “The ‘Antiquarianization’ of Biblical Scholarship and the London Polyglot Bible (1653–57)” JHI 62 2001 463–82CrossRefGoogle Scholar, at 465–66.
6 See Katz, David S., God's Last Words: Reading the English Bible from the Reformation to Fundamentalism (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2004) 93Google Scholar. Katz has written a definitive introduction to Walton's major work. See also Kroll, Richard W. F., The Material Word: Literate Culture in the Restoration and Early Eighteenth Century (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991) 247–48.Google Scholar
7 The Articles and Charge Proved in Parliament against Doctor Walton … (London, 1641).Google Scholar
8 The history of the publication of the London polyglot is fully described by Henry, John Todd, Memoirs of the Life and Writings of the Right Rev. Brian Walton, D.D…. (2 vols.; London, 1821) 1:31–88.Google Scholar
9 Biblia Sacra Polyglotta (ed. Walton, Brian; 6 vols.; London: 1655–1657). The prolegomena precede the biblical text in the first folio volume (1:35–38, 39–44).Google Scholar
10 Ibid., 1:36.
11 Ibid.
12 Ibid., 1:36, 42.
13 Ibid., 1:39.
14 Ibid., 1:39.
15 John, Owen, Of the Divine Originall, Authority, Self-Evidencing Light, and Power of the Scriptures ….(Oxford: printed by Henry Hall, printer to Oxford University, 1659).Google Scholar
16 Ibid., 149–51.
17 Ibid., 34.
18 Ibid., 82.
19 Ibid., 114.
20 Ibid., 189.
21 Ibid., 17.
22 Ibid., 160.
23 Ibid., 161.
24 Ibid., 191.
25 Ibid., 207.
26 Ibid., 103.
27 Ibid., 6.
28 Ibid., 320–21.
29 , Spurr, Post-Reformation, 144–52.Google Scholar
30 Edward, Stillingfleet, Works (6 vols.; London, 1707–1710) 1:365–70.Google Scholar
31 Thomas, Hobbes, Leviathan (London, 1651; repr., ed. C. B. Macpherson; Baltimore: Pelican, 1968) 415–27Google Scholar. Citations refer to the Pelican edition.
32 de Spinoza, Baruch, A Theological-Political Treatise (trans. R. H. M. Elwes; New York: Dover, 1951)Google Scholar; originally published as Tractatus Theologico-Politicus … (Hamburg [Amsterdam], 1670).
33 , Spinoza, Theological-Political Treatise, 101–5.Google Scholar
34 Richard, Simon, A Critical History of the Old Testament (trans. Anon.; London, 1682)Google Scholar; trans. of Histoire critique du Vieux Testament (Paris, 1678).
35 John, Dryden, “Religio Laici,” in The Works of John Dryden: Poems 1681–1684 (ed. Swedenberg, H. T. and Dearing, Vinton A.; vol. 2 of The Works of John Dryden; Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1972) 97–122Google Scholar, at 113–14, lines 142–49.
36 Phillip, Harth, Contexts of Dryden's Thought (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968) 174–225.Google Scholar
37 , Dryden, “Religio Laici,” 117, line 269.Google Scholar
38 , Simon, Critical History, sig. (a) 1.Google Scholar
39 Ibid., 141.
40 Ibid.
41 Ibid., 141, 150.
42 , Dryden, “Religio Laici,” 117–20Google Scholar, lines 252–349.
43 Ibid., 118–19, lines 316–69.
44 See McLachlan, H. John, Socinianism in Seventeenth-Century England (London: Oxford University Press, 1951) 1–24.Google Scholar
45 , Dryden, “Religio Laici,” 118, lines 311–13.Google Scholar
46 The Faith of One God, Who is only the Father; and of One Mediator between God and Men, Who is only the Man Christ Jesus; … (London, 1691); A Second Collection of Tracts: Proving The God and Father of Our Lord Jesus Christ, the Only True God; … (London [?], 1693 [?]); A Third Collection of Tracts, Proving The God and Father of Our Lord Jesus Christ, the Only True God; … (London [?], 1695). This pamphlet was first published in 1694. The pagination of these texts is irregular.Google Scholar
47 John, Biddle, “The Preface,” in The Faith of One God.Google Scholar
48 A Second Collection of Tracts, 14–55.Google Scholar
49 A Third Collection of Tracts …, 29.Google Scholar
50 See note 2.Google Scholar
51 , Stillingfleet, Works, 1:452–66.Google Scholar
52 Ibid., 1:454.
53 Ibid., 1:456.
54 John, Tillotson, Sermons Concerning the Divinity and Incarnation of Our Blessed Saviour: Preached in the Church of St. Lawrence Jewry (London, 1693) 58.Google Scholar
55 Ibid., 31, 116–18, 131.
56 Gilbert, Burnet, Four Discourses Delivered to the Clergy of the Diocess of Sarum … (London, 1694) iii–v.Google Scholar
57 Robert, South, Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions (new ed.; 7 vols.; Oxford: Clarendon, 1823) 4:276–93.Google Scholar
58 Ibid., 4:290.
59 Ibid., 4:300.
60 Ibid., 4:280.
61 For the contents of Boyle's will, see Thomas, BirchLife of the Honourable Robert Boyle (London, 1744) 353–55.Google Scholar For a list of the Boyle Lectures, see Fulton, John Farquhar, “A Bibliography of the Honourable Robert Boyle,” Oxford Bibliographical Society Proceedings and Papers 3 (1931–1933) 1–172.Google Scholar
62 A Defence of Natural and Revealed Religion … (3 vols.; London, 1739)Google Scholar. Defence contains the Boyle Lectures given from 1691 to 1732.
63 See Jacob, Margaret C., The Newtonians and the English Revolution, 1689–1720 (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1976) 143–61Google Scholar for a description of the lectures.
64 Oliver, Goldsmith, The Vicar of Wakefield (Salisbury, 1766).Google Scholar
65 Defence, 1:252.Google Scholar
66 Ibid., 1:557.
67 Ibid., 2:284.
68 Ibid., 2:764.
69 Ibid., 1:253, 260–61.
70 Ibid., 2:762–64.
71 Ibid., 2:765, 767.
72 Ibid., 2:764–66.
73 Ibid., 1:132–33.
74 Ibid., 1:560.