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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 February 2009
1 Foner, Eric, Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party before the Civil War (New York, 1970).Google Scholar
2 The problem is examined by Spackman, Stephen, National Authority and the Law 1870–1880 (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Cambridge).Google Scholar
3 I have examined the potential strength of Southern Republicanism in ‘Reconstruction and the American Party System’, in Frederickson, G. F. (ed.), A Nation Divided (Minneapolis, 1975).Google Scholar
4 His friend and rival, Francis L. Cardozo, was more truthful. He was born in Charleston, S.C., and studied (but did not graduate) at Glasgow University where he signed the matriculation book in 1859.