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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 February 2009
Sir Charles Lucas once made the comment that ‘South African history consists largely of wars and treaties between Boers and natives’. This is an interesting generalization but one that ignores the conflicts between the British and the natives. The imperial problem in South Africa during the period of this study was the provision of an adequate defence against actual, and in some cases, imagined attack from the Bantus. To people living in British South Africa this was a real problem; up to 1854 there had been seven ‘Kaffir wars’ involving the Cape Colony alone.
1 Lucas, C. P., The History of South Africa to the Jameson Raid (Oxford, 1899), p. 225.Google Scholar
2 Godley, J. R., Extracts from letters of J. R. Godley to Adderley (London, 1863)Google Scholar, Godley, to Adderley, , 6 July 1854, P. 212Google Scholar; see Edinburgh Review, VI (1854), 143.Google Scholar
3 Knaplund, P., Gladstone and British Imperial Policy (London, 1927), p. 64.Google Scholar
4 Knaplund, P., ‘Intra-Imperial Aspects of Britain's Defence Question 1870–1900’, Canadian Historical Review (1922), pp. 120–1Google Scholar; Knaplund, , ‘Wakefield on the Colonial Garrisons 1851’, Canadian Historical Review (1924), p. 229.Google Scholar
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6 Rutherford, J., Sir George Grey, K.C.B. 1812–181)8, A Study in Colonial Government (London, 1961).Google Scholar
7 Return of Troops at the Cape. Jan. 1855, W.O. 17/1636; Grey to Grey no. 59, 2 Feb. 1855, C.O. 49/50. See n. 20.
8 Cape Mounted Rifles created 1828 as a corps of Hottentot Scouts. Later two-thirds recruited in England. In 1852 a force known as Armed and Mounted Police was formed in Eastern frontier district. The FAMP was created by Act 3, 1855, under Capt. W. Currie—a force of 500 men engaged on a three-year enlistment; finding their own equipment except ammunition. In 1870 the Cape Mounted Rifles was disbanded and its duties taken over by the FAMP. Williams, P., Record of the Cape Mounted Riflemen (London, 1909).Google Scholar
9 Grey to Grey, private, 10 Mar. 1855, CO. 49/50.
10 Grey to Russell, no. 71, 11 June 1855; Grey to Russell, no. 105, 20 July 1855, CO. 48/366.
11 Grey to Grey, no. 12, 12 Mar. 1855, CO. 49/50.
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13 W.O. to CO., 17 Jan. 1855, and CO. minutes, CO. 48/375.
14 The Times, 2 Sep. 1856, 26 May 1857.
15 German legions formed to fight in the Crimean War were brought out to settle on the Eastern frontier as soldier-farmers.
16 Lucas, , Empire at War, 1 (London, 1921), 79.Google Scholar
17 W.O. to CO., 3 Jan. 1856; W.O. to C.O., 14 Nov. 1856, CO. 48/379.
18 Grey to Labouchere, no. 14, 29 Jan. 1857, C.O. 48/370.
19 Labouchere to Grey, no. 58, 13 Feb. 1857, CO. 48/386.
20 Newcastle had been Secretary for War and the Colonies. When the two offices were divided in 1854, he remained Secretary for War. Panmure was his successor in 1855 as Secretary for War; Grey, then Russell, then Molesworth (from July 1855) and then Henry Labouchere (from October 1855) as Secretary for the Colonies.
21 Return of Troops, W.O., 17/1636.
22 W.O. to C.O., 18 Jan. 1857, CO. 48/386. Ball was M.P. for Co. Carlow from 1852, Undersecretary for Colonies 1855–7.
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24 Stanmorc, Lord, Sidney Herbert, 11 (London, 1906), 100.Google Scholar
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27 Grey to Labouchere, no. 115, 7 Aug. 1857, and enclosure Rawson to Elgin, 7 Aug., C.O. 48/383.
28 Ibid.
29 Molteno, P. A., J. C. Molteno, 1 (London, 1900), 68–9.Google Scholar
30 Labouchere to Grey, no. 207, 29 June 1857, C.O. 49/52.
31 Labouchere to Grey, private and confidential, 14 July 1857, CO. 49/52.
32 Labouchere to Grey, confidential, 1 Aug. 1857, C.O. 49/52.
33 Labouchere to Grey, confidential, 26 Aug. 1857, C.O. 49/52.
34 Labouchere to Grey, no. 250, 21 Oct. 1857, C.O. 48/383.
35 Spectator, 29 Aug. 1857.
36 Spectator, 19 Sept. 1857.
37 Grey to Labouchere, no. 134, 17 Aug. 1857, C.O. 48/383.
38 Grey to Labouchere, no. 141, 22 Sept. 1857; Grey to Labouchere, no. 143, 24 Sept. 1857; Grey to Labouchere, separate, 24 Sept. 1857, C.O. 48/384.
39 Grey to Labouchere, no. 141, minute Barrow, 26 Nov., C.O. 48/384.
40 Ibid. minute Labouchere, 2 Dec.
41 Grey to Labouchere, no. 158, 2 Nov. 1857, C.O. 48/384.
42 Grey to Labouchere, no. 161, 5 Nov. 1857, C.O. 48/384.
43 Return of Troops, Sept. 1857, W.O. 25/3504.
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45 Return of Troops, Jan. 1858.
46 Return of Troops, Dec. 1855.
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48 Labouchere to Grey, no. 305, 5 Feb. 1858, C.O. 48/384.
49 Labouchere to Grey, no. 303, ibid.
50 The Times, 6 Nov. 1855.
51 Select Committee, P.P.x(H.C. 382), 1857–8, pp. 686–7.
52 Ibid. questions 2112–2115, pp. 687–8.
53 Ibid. questions 2119, 2121, 2127–8, pp. 689–90.
54 Return of Troops, Dec. 1855 and Jan. 1861.
55 Select Committee, questions 2135–6, pp. 693–2.
56 Select Committee, p. 692.
57 Ibid. p. 693.
58 Ibid. p. 695.
59 Select Committee, pp. 701–2.
60 Ibid. p. 702.
61 Knaplund, P., ‘E. G. Wakefield on the Colonial Garrisons 1851’, Canadian Historical Review (1924), p. 229.Google Scholar
62 The Times, 27 Aug. 1857.
63 Lucas, , South Africa, p. 225.Google Scholar
64 Select, Committee, pp. 702–3.Google Scholar
65 Select Committee Report.
66 Ibid. p. 520.
67 Ibid. p. 510.
68 Ibid. p. 540.
69 Hansard, , Parliamentary Debates.Google Scholar
70 Grey to Stanley, no.III, 30 June 1858, C.O. 48/389.
71 Stanley to Grey, no. 28, 31 Aug. 1858, C.O. 48/389.
72 Grey to Stanley, no. III, ibid. minute Merivale, 24 Aug. 1858.
73 Rees, , Sir George Grey, K.C.B. (3rd ed., London), p. 250.Google Scholar
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75 Walrond, , Letters and Journals of James, Eighth Earl of Elgin (London, 1872), p. 188.Google Scholar
76 The Times, 20 Sept. 4, 6, 25 and 31 Oct. 1898.
77 F.O. to Elgin, no. 4, 20 Apr. 1857, F.O. 17/274.
78 Walrond, , op. cit. p. 184.Google Scholar
79 Ibid. p. 185.
80 Ibid. p. 186.
81 Log of Simoon, Adm. 53/7161.
82 Grey to Labouchere, no. 115, 7 Aug. 1857, C.O. 48/383; Elgin to Clarendon, no. 9, 3 June 1857, F.O. 17/275.
83 Grey to Labouchere, no. 115, 7 Aug. and enclosures.
84 Grey to Labouchere, no. 117, 10 Aug. 1857, C.O. 48/383.
85 Ibid.
86 Log of Belleisle, Adm. 53/6302; Rutherford, Sir George Grey, p. 374.
87 Elgin to Clarendon, no. 9, 3 June 1857, and end. Canning to Elgin, May 1857, F.O. 17/275.
88 Elgin to Clarendon, no. 11, 19 June 1857, F.O. 17/275.
89 Elgin to Clarendon, 15 June, and enclosures, F.O. 17/275.
90 Log of Simoon, Adm. 53/7161; Elgin to Clarendon, no. 12, 22 June, and enclosures, F.O. 17/275.
91 Log of Simoon.
92 Elgin to Clarendon, no. 29, 9 Aug., F.O. 17/275.
93 Elgin to Clarendon, no. 36, 22 Aug. 1857, F.O. 17/275.
94 Elgin to Clarendon, no. 39, 2 Sept. 1857, F.O. 17/276.
95 Elgin to Canning, 22 Aug., F.O. 17/275.
96 Grey to Lytton, no. 173, 10 Nov. 1858, C.O. 48/390.
97 Letters of Queen Victoria (London, 1907), p. 284.Google Scholar
98 Ibid. pp. 297 and 283.
99 Grey to Stanley, no. 115, 5 July 1858, C.O. 48/389.
100 Return of Troops.
101 Grey to Lytton, no. 162, 8 Sept. 1858, and enclosures, C.O. 48/390.
102 Return of Troops.
103 Return of Troops.
104 Grey to Lytton, no. 173, 10 Nov. 1858, CO. 48/390.
105 Grey to Lytton, no. 162, 8 Sept. 1858; minute by Carnarvon, 4 Nov. 1858, CO. 48/390.
106 Return of Troops.
107 Mutiny Records, 1 (Lahore, 1911), 407; Grey to Labouchere, 11 Nov. 1857, C.O. 48/384.
108 Grey to Lytton, no. 163, 8 Sept. 1858, C.O. 48/390.
109 Grey to Lytton, no. 12, 19 Jan. 1859, C.O. 48/390.
110 Ibid.
111 Lytton to Grey, no. 105, 3 Mar. 1859, C.O. 48/393.
112 Grey to Lytton, no. 21, 24 Jan. 1859, minute Barrow, 29 Mar., C.O. 48/393.
113 Grey to Lytton, no. 52, 2 Apr. 1859, minute Carnarvon 10 June, CO. 48/393; CO. to W.O., 15 June 1859, CO. 48/395.
114 Grey to Lytton, no. 66, 27 June 1859, C.O. 48/395
115 Grey to Lytton, no. 66. minute Fortescue 4 July 1859, C.O. 48/395.
116 Newcastle to Grey, no. 12, 4 Aug. 1859; Newcastle to Grey, no. 18, 17 Aug. 1859, C.O. 48/395.
117 Newcastle to Grey, no. 18, 17 Aug. 1859, C.O. 48/395.
118 Williams, , Cape Mounted Riflemen, p. 9.Google Scholar