Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T12:11:52.592Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

“Drifting with Denominationalism”: A Situated Examination of Irish National Schools in Nineteenth-Century Tullylish, County Down

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 February 2017

Marilyn Cohen
Marilyn Cohen*
Affiliation:
Montclair State University in New Jersey
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

I should like to see the National non-sectarian system of education carried out as was originally intended; but I fear it is fast drifting with denominationalism.

James Dickson, Gilford, 1879

Due to the complex, contingent relationship among schooled knowledges, cultural hegemony, and oppositionally constructed ethnic identities in Ireland, attempts to bridge the divide between Catholics and Protestants through integrated schooling have largely failed. Scholarly analysis of this failure has been overwhelming dominated by historian Donald Akenson, whose books provide a comprehensive macro-level outline of the structure and context of Irish education from the late eighteenth through the twentieth centuries. Akenson's pioneering research has provided a foundation for scholars with micro-level approaches to “fill in the gaps with material gathered from individual national school classrooms.”

Type
Articles
Information
History of Education Quarterly , Volume 40 , Issue 1 , Spring 2000 , pp. 49 - 70
Copyright
Copyright © 2000 by the History of Education Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Public Record Office of Northern Ireland (hereafter P.R.O.N.I.), ED.1/19 Down Aided Applications 1878–1884, #144.Google Scholar

2 Akenson, Donald H. The Irish Education Experiment (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1969); idem., Education and Enmity: The Control of Schooling in Northern Ireland (Newton Abbot: David & Charles, 1973); idem., A Mirror to Kathleen's Face (Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1975). See also Murphy, James The Religious Problem in English Eduation: The Crucial Experiment (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1959); Coolahan, John Irish Education: Its History and Structure (Dublin: Irish Institute of Public Administration, 1981); Daly, Mary “The Development of the National School System, 1831–1840,” in Studies in Irish History Presented to R. Dudley Edwards, Cosgrove, Art and McCartney, Donal eds. (Dublin: University College Dublin, 1979); Murray, Dominic “Schools and Conflict,” in Northern Ireland: Background to the Conflict, Darby, John ed. (Belfast: Blackstaff, 1983), 137; and Eighteenth Report of the Commissioners of National Education in Ireland (Dublin, 1851), app., 251–252.Google Scholar

3 Akenson, Education Experiment, 2.Google Scholar

4 Levinson, Bradley A. and Holland, Dorothy “The Cultural Production of the Educated Person: An Introduction,“ in The Cultural Production of the Educated Person: Critical Ethnographies of Schooling and Local Practice, Levinson, Bradley A. Foley, Douglas E. and Holland, Dorothy C. eds. (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996), 1.Google Scholar

5 For further discussion of the linen industry in Tullylish see Cohen, Marilyn “Peasant Differentiation and Proto-industrialization in the Ulster Countryside: Tullylish, 1690–1825,“ Journal of Peasant Studies, 17, no. 3 (April, 1990): 413–432; idem., “Rural Paths of Capitalist Development: Class Formation, Paternalism and Gender in County Down's Linen Industry,” in Down: History & Society, Proudfoot, Lindsay ed. (Dublin: Geography Press, 1997); idem., Linen, Family and Community in Tullylish, County Down, 1690–1914 (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 1997).Google Scholar

6 Cohen, Marilyn “Religion and Social Inequality in Ireland,“ Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 25, no 1 (Summer, 1994): 1–21; Hill, Myrtle “Religion and Society: Protestantism in Nineteenth-Century County Down,” in Down: History & Society, Proudfoot, Lindsay ed. (Dublin: Geography Publications, 1997); Oliver Rafferty, S.J. “The Catholic Chapel and the Catholic Community: Observance and Tradition in Nineteenth Century County Down,” in Down: History & Society, Proudfoot, Lindsay ed. (Dublin: Geography Publications, 1997).Google Scholar

7 Britain, Great Parliamentary Papers (Commons), “Reports from the Select Committee Appointed to Inquire into the Nature, Character, Extent and Tendency of Orange Lodges, Associations in Ireland,” vol. XV (1835), 301–311.Google Scholar

8 Ibid; Senior, Hereward Orangeism in Ireland and Britain (London, 1966), 1–21; Gibbon, Peter The Origins of Ulster Unionism (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1975), 22–43; Miller, David M. “The Armagh Troubles, 1784–95,” in Irish Peasants: Violence and Political Unrest, 1780–1914, Clark, Samuel and Donnelly, James S. Jr. eds. (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983), 162–169.Google Scholar

9 Connolly, Sean Religion and Society in Nineteenth-Century Ireland (Dundalgan Press, 1985).Google Scholar

10 Akenson, Irish Education Experiment, 157–158; Coolahan, Irish Education, 13.Google Scholar

11 Ibid. Google Scholar

12 P.R.O.N.I., ED.6/1/3/1, Correspondence National Schools, #41,42.Google Scholar

13 Ibid., ED.6/1/3/1 Correspondence, National Schools, # 25, 103; ED.6/1/3/2, Correspondence National Schools, #22. Google Scholar

14 Ibid., ED.1/16, Down Aided Applications 1846–60, ED.1/17; Down Aided Applications, 1858–65; ED.1/18 Down Aided Applications, 1866–1889; Cohen, “Religion and Social Inequality,” 17–19.Google Scholar

15 Ibid., ED.6/1/3/1, Correspondence National Schools, #37; Reports from Commissioners of National Education in Ireland, 1834–35.Google Scholar

16 Ibid., ED.1/18 Grant Aid Applications, 1866–1889.Google Scholar

17 Ibid., ED.6/1/3/1, Correspondence National Schools, #154.Google Scholar

18 Ibid., ED.1/15 Down Aided Applications, #10 (Ballynagarrick); ED.1/16, Down Aided Applications, 1846–1860, #110, 121, 140 (Milltown); ED.1/17 Down Aided Applications, 1858–1865, (Clare); #158, 182, 82, 222, (Ballydougan), #186 (Ballynagarrick); ED.1/18, Down Aided Applications, 1866–1889 (Clare).Google Scholar

19 Akenson, Irish Education Experiment, 285–298, 372.Google Scholar

20 Parliamentary Papers (Commons), “Royal Commission of Inquiry into Primary Education (Ireland), vol. XXVIII (1870), Part v, p. 29.Google Scholar

21 P.R.O.N.I., ED.1/19 Down Aided Applications, 1873–1884, #34.Google Scholar

22 Ibid., ED.1/16 Down Aided Applications, 1846–1860, #110.Google Scholar

23 Ibid., ED.6/1/3/3 Correspondence National Schools, #20–22.Google Scholar

24 Ibid., ED.6/1/3/1 Correspondence National Schools.Google Scholar

25 Eighteenth Report of the Commissioners of National Education in Ireland, 1851, Report by Dr. Patton, Head Inspector.Google Scholar

26 P.R.O.N.I., ED.6/1/3/1 Correspondence National Schools.Google Scholar

27 Cohen, Marilyn “The Migration Experience of Female-Headed Households: Gilford, Co. Down to Greenwich, New York, 1880–1910,“ in The Irish World Wide, vol. 4, Irish Women and the Irish Migrations, O'Sullivan, Patrick ed. (London: Leicester University Press, 1995).Google Scholar

28 Cohen, “Religion and Social Inequality,“ 6–9.Google Scholar

29 P.R.O.N.I., ED.1/17, Down Aided Applications, 1858–1865.Google Scholar

30 Parliamentary Papers (Commons), “Royal Commission of Inquiry into Primary Education (Ireland)”, Powis Report, vol. XXVIII (1870), Part v.Google Scholar

31 P.R.O.N.I., ED.1/1/16 Down Aided Applications 1846–1860; ED.1/17 Down Aided Applications 1858–65.Google Scholar

32 Fifteenth Report of the Commissioners of National Education in Ireland, vol. 23 (1849).Google Scholar

33 P.R.O.N.I., SCH.1278/5/1 Inspector's Observation Book, 1906–1955 Bann National School; SCH.1278/6/1, Bann Male National School Daily Report Book, 1899–1907.Google Scholar

34 This information was furnished by Campbell, M.P. former pupil of Thomas Armstrong and former principal of St. Paul's (Castle Hill) Primary School in Gilford.Google Scholar

35 Cohen, “Religion and Social Inequality, 18–20; Hepburn, Anthony C. and Collins, Brenda “Industrial Society: The Structure of Belfast, 1901,“ in Plantation to Partition: Essays in Honour of J.L. McCracken, Peter Roebuck, ed. (Belfast: Blackstaff, 1981), 218–219; Connolly, S.J. Priests and People in Pre-Famine Ireland, 1780–1845 (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1982), 77; Akenson, Donald H. Small Differences Irish Catholics and Irish Protestants, 1815–1922: An International Perspective (Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1988), 118.Google Scholar

36 See also Parliamentary Papers (Commons), “Royal Commission of Inquiry into Primary Education (Ireland), vol. XXVIII (1870), Part v.Google Scholar

37 P.R.O.N.I., ED.l/17 Down Aided Applications, 1858–1865; #158, 182, 82, 222, (Ballydougan), #186 (Ballynagarrick); Ed.1/18 Down Aided Applications, 1866–1889 (Clare).Google Scholar

38 Cohen, “Religion and Inequality,“ 6–8, 18.Google Scholar

39 Akenson, Irish Education Experiment, 251.Google Scholar

40 Akenson, Irish Education Experiment, 284.Google Scholar

41 Connolly, Religion and Society, 35.Google Scholar

42 Akenson, Irish Education Experiment, 251.Google Scholar

43 Levinson, and Holland, “The Cultural Production,“ 1; Haraway, Donna “Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective,“ Feminist Studies, 14:3 (Fall, 1988): 577.Google Scholar

44 P.R.O.N.I., ED.1/19 Down Aided Applications 1873–1884, #144.Google Scholar

45 Ibid., ED.1/19 Down Aided Applications 1873–1884, #144; ED.1/18 Down Aided Applications, 1866–89, #12, October 1867.Google Scholar

46 Ibid., ED.1/19 Down Aided Applications 1878–1884, #144.Google Scholar

47 Ibid., ED.1/19 Down Aided Applications 1878–1884, #144.Google Scholar

48 Ibid., ED.1/19 Down Aided Applications 1878–1884, #144.Google Scholar

49 Ibid., ED.1/19 Down Aided Applications 1878–1884, #144; Parliamentary Papers (Commons), “Royal Commission of Inquiry into Primary Education (Ireland), vol. XXVIII (1870), Part v.Google Scholar

50 Ibid., ED.1/19 Down Aided Applications 1878–1884, #144.Google Scholar

51 Ibid., ED.1/19 Down Aided Applications 1878–1884, #144.Google Scholar

52 Ibid., ED.1/19 Down Aided Applications 1878–1884, #144.Google Scholar

53 Ibid., ED.1/19 Down Aided Applications 1878–1884, #144.Google Scholar

54 Ibid., ED.1/19 Down Aided Applications 1878–1884, #144.Google Scholar

55 Akenson, Education and Enmity, 193–94.Google Scholar

56 Vincent, Joan “Interpreting Silences: An Anthropological Perspective on the Great Irish Famine,“ Eire-Ireland, 32, nos. 2, 3 (Summer/Fall, 1998): 21–39.Google Scholar

57 Levinson, and Holland, “The Cultural Production,“ 1.Google Scholar

58 Cohen, “Religion and Social Inequality.“Google Scholar

59 McKeown, Penny and Connolly, Michael “Education Reform in Northern Ireland: Maintaining the Distance?“ Journal of Social Policy, 21, part 2 (April 1992): 214–217.Google Scholar