Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T01:45:01.487Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Loss of Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli Repeatedly Isolated From Patients in Intensive-Care Units

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Farrin A. Manian ,
Lynn Meyer ,
Joane Jenne ,
Amy Owen  and
Terry Taff
Farrin A. Manian*
Affiliation:
Departments of Infection Control and Pathology, St John's Mercy Medical Center, St Louis, Missouri
Lynn Meyer
Affiliation:
Departments of Infection Control and Pathology, St John's Mercy Medical Center, St Louis, Missouri
Joane Jenne
Affiliation:
Departments of Infection Control and Pathology, St John's Mercy Medical Center, St Louis, Missouri
Amy Owen
Affiliation:
Departments of Infection Control and Pathology, St John's Mercy Medical Center, St Louis, Missouri
Terry Taff
Affiliation:
Departments of Infection Control and Pathology, St John's Mercy Medical Center, St Louis, Missouri
*
Division of Infectious Diseases, St John Mercy Medical Center, 621 S New Ballas Rd, St Louis, MO 63141
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Objective:

To study the loss of antimicrobial susceptibility in repeat (same patient, same bacterial species, and same site) aerobic gram-negative bacilli (AGNB) isolated from individual patients during their stay in the intensive-care unit (ICU).

Setting:

A 792-bed, tertiary-care community hospital with a total of 107 adult, pediatric, and neonatal ICU beds. METHOD: An obser vational prospective study performed November 1992 through mid-July 1993.

Results:

Of 594 consecutive AGNB from 287 ICU patients, 117 isolates (20%) from 55 patients (19%) were repeat isolates, with the majority obtained from respiratory secretions (83%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter species accounted for 61% of the isolates. Forty-two (36%) of the repeat isolates from 24 patients (44%) had >4-fold increase in minimum inhibitory concentration to at least one antibiotic and no longer were considered fully susceptible based on National Committee on Clinical Laboratory Standards criteria. Loss of antimicrobial susceptibility often developed within several (median 8) days and was associated only infrequently with simultaneous transition from colonization to infection in the individual patient. Use of certain β-lactam antibiotics was associated with increasing resistance to several other antibiotics in the same class. Concurrent use of β-lactams and aminoglycosides did not prevent loss of antimicrobial susceptibility to the former in repeat isolates.

Conclusion:

We conclude that loss of antimicrobial susceptibility in repeat AGNB isolated from ICU patients is common, usually is not associated with transition from colonization to infection, and often is associated with prior use of antibiotics. Minimizing antibiotic use in ICU patients should help reduce the risk of antimicrobial resistance in repeat AGNB isolates.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 17 , Issue 4 , April 1996 , pp. 222 - 226
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 1996 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Farber, BF. Nosocomial infections: an introduction. In: Farber, BF, ed. Infection Control in Intensive Care. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone, Inc; 1987.Google Scholar
2. McGowan, JE. Antimicrobial resistance in hospital organisms and its relation to antibiotic use. Rev Infect Dis 1983;5:1033–1048.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility test for bacteria that grow aerobically. NCCLS document M7-A2. 2nd ed. 1988.Google Scholar
4. Garner, JS, Jarvis, WR, Emori, TG, et al. CDC definitions for nosocomial infections. Am J Infect Control 1988;16:128–140.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5. Weinstein, RA. Epidemiology and control of nosocomial infections in adult intensive care units. Am J Med 1991;91(suppl 3B):179S–183S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6. Land, G, Salgado, J, Greenberg, RN. Onset of life-threatening ventriculitis during ceftazidime therapy for nosocomial pneumonia due to Enterobacter cloacae. Clin Infect Dis 1993;17:295–296.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7. Chow, JW, Fine, MJ, Shlaes, DM, et al. Enterobacter bacteremia: clinical features and emergence of antibiotic resistance during therapy. Ann Intern Med 1991;115:585–590.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8. Sanders, CC. β-Lactamases of gram-negative bacteria: new challenges for new drugs. Clin Infect Dis 1992;14:1089–1099.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9. Fink, MP, Snydman, DR, Niederman, MS, et al. Treatment of severe pneumonia in hospitalized patients: results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial comparing intravenous ciprofloxacin with imipenem-cilastatin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994;38:547–557.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed