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Assessing the Ability of Hospital Diagnosis Codes to Detect Inpatient Exposure to Antibacterial Agents

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 February 2018

Michael J. Ray ,
William E. Trick  and
Michael Y. Lin
Michael J. Ray*
Affiliation:
Cook County Health and Hospitals System, Chicago, Illinois
William E. Trick*
Affiliation:
Cook County Health and Hospitals System, Chicago, Illinois Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
Michael Y. Lin
Affiliation:
Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
*
Address correspondence to Michael J. Ray, MPH, 1900 West Polk Street, Suite 1611, Chicago, Illinois 60612 (Michael.ray@cookcountyhhs.org) or William E. Trick, MD, 1900 West Polk Street, Suite 1600, Chicago, Illinois 60612 (wtrick@cookcountyhhs.org).
Address correspondence to Michael J. Ray, MPH, 1900 West Polk Street, Suite 1611, Chicago, Illinois 60612 (Michael.ray@cookcountyhhs.org) or William E. Trick, MD, 1900 West Polk Street, Suite 1600, Chicago, Illinois 60612 (wtrick@cookcountyhhs.org).
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE

Because antibacterial history is difficult to obtain, especially when the exposure occurred at an outside hospital, we assessed whether infection-related diagnostic billing codes, which are more readily available through hospital discharge databases, could infer prior antibacterial receipt.

DESIGN

Retrospective cohort study.

PARTICIPANTS

This study included 121,916 hospitalizations representing 78,094 patients across the 3 hospitals.

METHODS

We obtained hospital inpatient data from 3 Chicago-area hospitals. Encounters were categorized as “infection” if at least 1 International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) code indicated a bacterial infection. From medication administration records, we categorized antibacterial agents and calculated total therapy days using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) definitions. We evaluated bivariate associations between infection encounters and 3 categories of antibacterial exposure: any, broad spectrum, or surgical prophylaxis. We constructed multivariable models to evaluate adjusted risk ratios for antibacterial receipt.

RESULTS

Of the 121,916 inpatient encounters (78,094 patients) across the 3 hospitals, 24% had an associated infection code, 47% received an antibacterial, and 13% received a broad-spectrum antibacterial. Infection-related ICD-9-CM codes were associated with a 2-fold increase in antibacterial administration compared to those lacking such codes (RR, 2.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.27–2.31) and a 5-fold increased risk for broad-spectrum antibacterial administration (RR, 5.52; 95% CI, 5.37–5.67). Encounters with infection codes had 3 times the number of antibacterial days.

CONCLUSIONS

Infection diagnostic billing codes are strong surrogate markers for prior antibacterial exposure, especially to broad-spectrum antibacterial agents; such an association can be used to enhance early identification of patients at risk of multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) carriage at the time of admission.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:377–382

Type
Original Articles
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 39 , Issue 4 , April 2018 , pp. 377 - 382
Copyright
© 2018 by The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. All rights reserved 

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Footnotes

PREVIOUS PRESENTATION. This manuscript was presented in part at the Society of Healthcare Epidemiology of America Spring 2017 Conference on March 31, 2017, in St Louis, Missouri.

References

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