Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T06:29:41.195Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Clinical Risk Score for Prediction of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase–Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Bloodstream Isolates

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 December 2016

Matthew R. Augustine ,
Traci L. Testerman ,
Julie Ann Justo ,
P. Brandon Bookstaver ,
Joseph Kohn ,
Helmut Albrecht  and
Majdi N. Al-Hasan
Matthew R. Augustine
Affiliation:
University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
Traci L. Testerman
Affiliation:
Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
Julie Ann Justo
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina Department of Pharmacy, Palmetto Health Richland, Columbia, South Carolina
P. Brandon Bookstaver
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina Department of Pharmacy, Palmetto Health Richland, Columbia, South Carolina
Joseph Kohn
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmacy, Palmetto Health Richland, Columbia, South Carolina
Helmut Albrecht
Affiliation:
University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina Department of Medicine, Palmetto Health USC Medical Group, Columbia, South Carolina
Majdi N. Al-Hasan*
Affiliation:
University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina Department of Medicine, Palmetto Health USC Medical Group, Columbia, South Carolina
*
Address correspondence to Majdi N. Al-Hasan, MBBS, Associate Professor of Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 2 Medical Park, Suite 502, Columbia, SC 29203 (majdi.alhasan@uscmed.sc.edu).
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To develop a risk score to predict probability of bloodstream infections (BSIs) due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBLE).

DESIGN

Retrospective case-control study.

SETTING

Two large community hospitals.

PATIENTS

Hospitalized adults with Enterobacteriaceae BSI between January 1, 2010, and June 30, 2015.

METHODS

Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for ESBLE BSI. Point allocation in extended-spectrum β-lactamase prediction score (ESBL-PS) was based on regression coefficients.

RESULTS

Among 910 patients with Enterobacteriaceae BSI, 42 (4.6%) had ESBLE bloodstream isolates. Most ESBLE BSIs were community onset (33 of 42; 79%), and 25 (60%) were due to Escherichia coli. Independent risk factors for ESBLE BSI and point allocation in ESBL-PS included outpatient procedures within 1 month (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 8.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.1–22.9; 1 point), prior infections or colonization with ESBLE within 12 months (aOR, 26.8; 95% CI, 7.0–108.2; 4 points), and number of prior courses of β-lactams and/or fluoroquinolones used within 3 months of BSI: 1 course (aOR, 6.3; 95% CI, 2.7–14.7; 1 point), ≥2 courses (aOR, 22.0; 95% CI, 8.6–57.1; 3 points). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the ESBL-PS model was 0.86. Patients with ESBL-PSs of 0, 1, 3, and 4 had estimated probabilities of ESBLE BSI of 0.7%, 5%, 24%, and 44%, respectively. Using ESBL-PS ≥3 to indicate high risk provided a negative predictive value of 97%.

CONCLUSIONS

ESBL-PS estimated patient-specific risk of ESBLE BSI with high discrimination. Incorporation of ESBL-PS with acute severity of illness may improve adequacy of empirical antimicrobial therapy and reduce carbapenem utilization.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:266–272

Type
Original Articles
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 38 , Issue 3 , March 2017 , pp. 266 - 272
Copyright
© 2016 by The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. All rights reserved 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

PREVIOUS PRESENTATION: The preliminary results of this study were presented in part at the American Society for Microbiology Microbe conference on June 20, 2016, in Boston, Massachusetts (Abstract no. MO-127).

References

REFERENCES

1. Goto, M, Al-Hasan, MN. Overall burden of bloodstream infection and nosocomial bloodstream infection in North America and Europe. Clin Microbiol Infect 2013;19:501–509.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2. Uslan, DZ, Crane, SJ, Steckelberg, JM, et al. Age-and sex-associated trends in bloodstream infection. Arch Intern Med 2007;167:834–839.Google Scholar
3. Jacoby, GA. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and other enzymes providing resistance to oxyimino-beta-lactams. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1997;11:875–887.Google Scholar
4. Paterson, DL, Bonomo, RA. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases: a clinical update. Clin Microbiol Rev 2005;18:657–686.Google Scholar
5. Thaden, JT, Fowler, VG, Sexton, DJ, Anderson, DJ. Increasing incidence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in community hospitals throughout the southeastern United States. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:49–54.Google Scholar
6. Kassakian, SZ, Mermel, LA. Changing epidemiology of infections due to extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing bacteria. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2014;3:9.Google Scholar
7. Tamma, PD, Han, JH, Rock, C, et al. Carbapenem therapy is associated with improved survival compared with piperacillin-tazobactam for patients with extended-spectrum β-lactamase bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis 2015;60:1319–1325.Google ScholarPubMed
8. Orsi, GB, Bencardino, A, Vena, A, et al. Patient risk factors for outer membrane permeability and KPC-producing carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolation: results of a double case-control study. Infection 2013;41:61–67.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9. Retamar, P, Portillo, MM, López-Prieto, MD, et al. Impact of inadequate empirical therapy on the mortality of patients with bloodstream infections: a propensity score-based analysis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012;56:472–478.Google Scholar
10. Cain, SE, Kohn, J, Bookstaver, PB, Albrecht, H, Al-Hasan, MN. Stratification of the impact of inappropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy for gram-negative bloodstream infections by predicted prognosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015;59:245–250.Google Scholar
11. Friedman, ND, Kaye, KS, Stout, JE, et al. Health care-associated bloodstream infections in adults: a reason to change the accepted definition of community-acquired infections. Ann Intern Med 2002;137:791–797.Google Scholar
12. Dan, S, Shah, A, Justo, JA, et al. Prediction of fluoroquinolone resistance in Gram-negative bacteria causing bloodstream infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016;60:2265–2272.Google Scholar
13. Hammer, KL, Stoessel, A, Justo, JA, et al. Association between chronic hemodialysis and bloodstream infections due to chromosomally-mediated AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Am J Infect Control 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2016.05.017 [Epub ahead of print].Google Scholar
14. Tumbarello, M, Trecarichi, EM, Bassetti, M, et al. Identifying patients harboring extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae on hospital admission: derivation and validation of a scoring system. Antimicrob Aagents Chemother 2011;55:3485–3490.Google Scholar
15. Rottier, WC, Bamberg, YR, Dorigo-Zetsma, JW, van der Linden, PD, Ammerlaan, HS, Bonten, MJ. The predictive value of prior colonization and antibiotic use for 3rd generation cephalosporin resistant Enterobacteriaceae bacteremia in patients with sepsis. Clin Infect Dis 2015;60:1622–1630.Google Scholar
16. Ben-Ami, R, Rodríguez-Baño, J, Arslan, H, et al. A multinational survey of risk factors for infection with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in nonhospitalized patients. Clin Infect Dis 2009;49:682–690.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17. Williamson, DA, Roberts, SA, Paterson, DL, et al. Escherichia coli bloodstream infection after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy: implications of fluoroquinolone-resistant sequence type 131 as a major causative pathogen. Clin Infect Dis 2012;54:1406–1412.Google Scholar
18. Epstein, L, Hunter, JC, Arwady, MA, et al. New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-producing carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli associated with exposure to duodenoscopes. JAMA 2014;312:1447–1455.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19. Patterson, DL, Ko, WC, Von Gottberg, A, Mohapatra, S, Casellas, JM. International prospective study of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteraemia: implications of extended-spectrum β-lactamase production in nosocomial infections. Ann Intern Med 2004;140:26–32.Google Scholar
20. Al-Hasan, MN, Lahr, BD, Eckel-Passow, JE, Baddour, LM. Predictive scoring model of mortality in gram-negative bloodstream infection. Clin Microbiol Infect 2013;19:948–954.Google Scholar
21. Al-Hasan, MN, Juhn, YJ, Bang, DW, Yang, HJ, Baddour, LM. External validation of gram-negative bloodstream infection mortality risk score in a population-based cohort. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014;20:886–891.Google Scholar
22. Knothe, H, Shah, P, Krcmery, V, Antal, M, Mitsuhashi, S. Transferable resistance to cefotaxime, cefoxitin, cefamandole and cefuroxime in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens. Infection 1983;11:315–317.Google Scholar
23. Rodríguez-Baño, J, Navarro, MD, Romero, L, et al. Epidemiology and clinical features of infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in nonhospitalized patients. J Clin Microbiol 2004;42:1089–1094.Google Scholar
24. Pitout, JD, Hanson, ND, Church, DL, Laupland, KB. Population-based laboratory surveillance for Escherichia coli–producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases: importance of community isolates with blaCTX-M genes. Clin Infect Dis 2004;38:1736–1741.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25. Courpon-Claudinon, A, Lefort, A, Panhard, X, Clermont, O, Dornic, Q, Fantin, B, et al. Bacteraemia caused by third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli in France: prevalence, molecular epidemiology and clinical features. Clin Microbiol Infect 2011;17:557–565.Google Scholar
26. Nicolas-Chanoine, MH, Bertrand, X, Madec, JY. Escherichia coli ST131, an intriguing clonal group. Clin Microbiol Rev 2014;27:543–574.Google Scholar
27. Banerjee, R, Johnston, B, Lohse, C, et al. The clonal distribution and diversity of extraintestinal Escherichia coli isolates vary according to patient characteristics. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013;57:5912–5917.Google Scholar
28. Hayakawa, K, Gattu, S, Marchaim, D, et al. Epidemiology and risk factors for isolation of Escherichia coli–producing CTX-M-type extended-spectrum β-lactamase in a large US Medical Center. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013;57:4010–4018.Google Scholar
29. Chen, LF, Freeman, JT, Nicholson, B, et al. Widespread dissemination of CTX-M-15 genotype extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae among patients presenting to community hospitals in the southeastern United States. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014;58:1200–1202.Google Scholar
30. Meeker, D, Linder, JA, Fox, CR, et al. Effect of behavioral interventions on inappropriate antibiotic prescribing among primary care practices: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2016;315:562–570.Google Scholar
31. Kutob, LF, Justo, JA, Bookstaver, PB, Kohn, J, Albrecht, H, Al-Hasan, MN. Effectiveness of oral antibiotics for definitive therapy of gram-negative bloodstream infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2016;48:498–503.Google Scholar
32. Goodman, KE, Lessler, J, Cosgrove, SE, et al. A clinical decision tree to predict whether a bacteremic patient is infected with an extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing organism. Clin Infect Dis 2016;63:896–903.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: Image

Augustine supplementary material

Figure S1

Download Augustine supplementary material(Image)
Image 20.3 KB
Supplementary material: Image

Augustine supplementary material

Figure S2

Download Augustine supplementary material(Image)
Image 41.8 KB