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Cost Analysis of Strategies to Reduce Blood Culture Contamination in the Emergency Department: Sterile Collection Kits and Phlebotomy Teams

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 May 2016

Wesley H. Self ,
Thomas R. Talbot ,
Barbara R. Paul ,
Sean P. Collins  and
Michael J. Ward
Wesley H. Self*
Affiliation:
Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
Thomas R. Talbot
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine and Department of Preventive Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
Barbara R. Paul
Affiliation:
Community Health Systems Professional Services, Franklin, Tennessee
Sean P. Collins
Affiliation:
Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
Michael J. Ward
Affiliation:
Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
*
1313 21st Avenue South, 703 Oxford House, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 (wesley.self@vanderbilt.edu).
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Extract

Objective

Blood culture collection practices that reduce contamination, such as sterile blood culture collection kits and phlebotomy teams, increase up-front costs for collecting cultures but may lead to net savings by eliminating downstream costs associated with contamination. The study objective was to compare overall hospital costs associated with 3 collection strategies: usual care, sterile kits, and phlebotomy teams.

Design

Cost analysis.

Setting

This analysis was conducted from the perspective of a hospital leadership team selecting a blood culture collection strategy for an adult emergency department (ED) with 8,000 cultures drawn annually.

Methods

Total hospital costs associated with 3 strategies were compared: (1) usual care, with nurses collecting cultures without a standardized protocol; (2) sterile kits, with nurses using a dedicated sterile collection kit; and (3) phlebotomy teams, with cultures collected by laboratory-based phlebotomists. In the base case, contamination rates associated with usual care, sterile kits, and phlebotomy teams were assumed to be 4.34%, 1.68%, and 1.10%, respectively. Total hospital costs included costs of collecting cultures and hospitalization costs according to culture results (negative, true positive, and contaminated).

Results

Compared with usual care, annual net savings using the sterile kit and phlebotomy team strategies were $483,219 and $288,980, respectively. Both strategies remained less costly than usual care across a broad range of sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions

EDs with high blood culture contamination rates should strongly consider evidence-based strategies to reduce contamination. In addition to improving quality, implementing a sterile collection kit or phlebotomy team strategy is likely to result in net cost savings.

Type
Original Article
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 35 , Issue 8 , August 2014 , pp. 1021 - 1028
Copyright
© 2014 by The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. All rights reserved.

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