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Do antimicrobial and antithrombogenic peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) materials prevent catheter complications? An analysis of 42,562 hospitalized medical patients

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 April 2021

Amanda J. Ullman ,
Rebecca S. Paterson ,
Jessica A. Schults ,
Tricia M. Kleidon ,
Deanne August ,
Megan O’Malley ,
Jennifer Horowitz ,
Claire M. Rickard ,
David Paje  and
Vineet Chopra Open the ORCID record for Vineet Chopra [Opens in a new window]
Amanda J. Ullman
Affiliation:
Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia Department of Anaesthesia, Queensland Children’s Hospital, Queensland, Australia
Rebecca S. Paterson
Affiliation:
Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
Jessica A. Schults
Affiliation:
Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia Department of Anaesthesia, Queensland Children’s Hospital, Queensland, Australia
Tricia M. Kleidon
Affiliation:
Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia Department of Anaesthesia, Queensland Children’s Hospital, Queensland, Australia
Deanne August
Affiliation:
Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia Department of Anaesthesia, Queensland Children’s Hospital, Queensland, Australia
Megan O’Malley
Affiliation:
Patient Safety Enhancement Program and Center for Clinical Management Research, Veterans’ Affairs Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
Jennifer Horowitz
Affiliation:
Patient Safety Enhancement Program and Center for Clinical Management Research, Veterans’ Affairs Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
Claire M. Rickard
Affiliation:
Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
David Paje
Affiliation:
Patient Safety Enhancement Program and Center for Clinical Management Research, Veterans’ Affairs Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
Vineet Chopra*
Affiliation:
Patient Safety Enhancement Program and Center for Clinical Management Research, Veterans’ Affairs Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
*
Author for correspondence: Vineet Chopra E-mail: vineetc@med.umich.edu
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Abstract

Objective:

To examine the effectiveness of antimicrobial and antithrombogenic materials incorporated into peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) to prevent bloodstream infection, thrombosis, and catheter occlusion.

Methods:

Prospective cohort study involving 52 hospitals participating in the Michigan Hospital Medicine Safety Consortium. Sample included adult hospitalized medical patients who received a PICC between January 2013 and October 2019. Coated and impregnated catheters were identified by name, brand, and device marketing or regulatory materials. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models with robust sandwich standard error estimates accounting for the clustered nature of data were used to identify factors associated with PICC complications in coated versus noncoated devices across general care, intensive care unit (ICU), and oncology patients. Results were expressed as hazard ratios (HRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results:

Of 42,562 patients with a PICC, 39,806 (93.5%) were plain polyurethane, 2,263 (5.3%) incorporated antimicrobial materials, and 921 (2.2%) incorporated antithrombogenic materials. Most were inserted in general ward settings (n = 28,111, 66.0%), with 12, 078 (28.4%) and 1,407 (3.3%) placed in ICU and oncological settings, respectively. Within the entire cohort, 540 (1.3%) developed thrombosis, 745 (1.8%) developed bloodstream infection, and 4,090 (9.6%) developed catheter occlusion. Adjusting for known risk factors, antimicrobial PICCs were not associated with infection reduction (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.82–1.64), and antithrombogenic PICCs were not associated with reduction in thrombosis and occlusion (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.92–1.44). Results were consistent across populations and care settings.

Conclusions:

Antimicrobial and antithrombogenic PICCs were not associated with a reduction in major catheter complications. Guidance aimed at informing use of these devices, balancing benefits against cost, appear necessary.

Type
Original Article
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 43 , Issue 4 , April 2022 , pp. 427 - 434
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America

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