Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T22:32:02.295Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Evaluation of the costing methodology of published studies estimating costs of surgical site infections: A systematic review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 September 2021

Raghda Hassan Shaaban Open the ORCID record for Raghda Hassan Shaaban [Opens in a new window] ,
Omaima Gaber Yassine ,
Ramez Naguib Bedwani  and
Ghada Ahmed Abu-Sheasha
Raghda Hassan Shaaban*
Affiliation:
Biomedical Informatics & Medical Statistics Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
Omaima Gaber Yassine
Affiliation:
Biomedical Informatics & Medical Statistics Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
Ramez Naguib Bedwani
Affiliation:
Biomedical Informatics & Medical Statistics Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
Ghada Ahmed Abu-Sheasha
Affiliation:
Biomedical Informatics & Medical Statistics Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
*
Author for correspondence: Raghda Hassan Shaaban, E-mail: raghdahassan@alexu.edu.eg or dr.raghdahassan@yahoo.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Objectives:

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are associated with increased length of hospitalization and costs. Epidemiologists and infection control practitioners, who are in charge of implementing infection control measures, have to assess the quality and relevance of the published SSI cost estimates before using them to support their decisions. In this review, we aimed to determine the distribution and trend of analytical methodologies used to estimate cost of SSIs, to evaluate the quality of costing methods and the transparency of cost estimates, and to assess whether researchers were more inclined to use transferable studies.

Methods:

We searched MEDLINE to identify published studies that estimated costs of SSIs from 2007 to March 2021, determined the analytical methodologies, and evaluated transferability of studies based on 2 evaluation axes. We compared the number of citations by transferability axes.

Results:

We included 70 studies in our review. Matching and regression analysis represented 83% of analytical methodologies used without change over time. Most studies adopted a hospital perspective, included inpatient costs, and excluded postdischarge costs (borne by patients, caregivers, and community health services). Few studies had high transferability. Studies with high transferability levels were more likely to be cited.

Conclusions:

Most of the studies used methodologies that control for confounding factors to minimize bias. After the article by Fukuda et al, there was no significant improvement in the transferability of published studies; however, transferable studies became more likely to be cited, indicating increased awareness about fundamentals in costing methodologies.

Type
Review
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 43 , Issue 7 , July 2022 , pp. 898 - 914
Check for updates
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Klevens, RM, Edwards, JR, Richards, CL Jr, et al. Estimating healthcare-associated infections and deaths in US hospitals, 2002. Public Health Rep 2007;122:160–166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arefian, H, Vogel, M, Kwetkat, A, Hartmann, M. Economic evaluation of interventions for prevention of hospital acquired infections: a systematic review. PloS One 2016;11:e0146381.10.1371/journal.pone.0146381CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scott R Douglas. The direct medical costs of healthcare-associated infections in US hospitals and the benefits of prevention, 2009. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/11550. Accessed March 7, 2021.Google Scholar
Kilgore, ML, Ghosh, K, Beavers, CM, Wong, DY, Hymel, PA, Brossette, SE. The costs of nosocomial infections. Med Care 2008;46:101–104.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lauria, FN, Angeletti, C. The impact of nosocomial infections on hospital care costs. Infection 2003;31:35–43.Google ScholarPubMed
Fukuda, H, Lee, J, Imanaka, Y. Variations in analytical methodology for estimating costs of hospital-acquired infections: a systematic review. J Hosp Infect 2011;77:93–105.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schulgen, G, Kropec, A, Kappstein, I, Daschner, F, Schumacher, M. Estimation of extra hospital stay attributable to nosocomial infections: heterogeneity and timing of events. J Clin Epidemiol 2000;53:409–417.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Faria, R, Hernandez, AM, Manca, A, Wailoo, AJ. NICE DSU technical support document 17: the use of observational data to inform estimates of treatment effectiveness for technology appraisal: methods for comparative individual patient data. 2015. NICE DSU website. http://www.nicedsu.org.uk/technical-support-documents/observational-data-tsd/. Accessed March 7, 2021.Google Scholar
Rose, S, Laan, MJ. Why match? Investigating matched case-control study designs with causal effect estimation. Int J Biostat 2009;5(1). doi: 10.2202/1557-4679.1127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Desai, RJ, Franklin, JM. Alternative approaches for confounding adjustment in observational studies using weighting based on the propensity score: a primer for practitioners. BMJ 2019;367:l5657.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stuart, EA. Matching methods for causal inference: a review and a look forward. Stat Sci 2010;25:1–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graves, N, Weinhold, D, Tong, E, Birrell, F, et al. Effect of healthcare-acquired infection on length of hospital stay and cost. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2007;28:280–292.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fukuda, H, Imanaka, Y. Assessment of transparency of cost estimates in economic evaluations of patient safety programmes. J Eval Clin Pract 2009;15:451–459.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sculpher, MJ, Pang, FS, Manca, A, Drummond, MF, et al. Generalisability in economic evaluation studies in healthcare: a review and case studies. Health Technol Assess 2004;8(49). doi: 10.3310/hta8490.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drummond, M, Barbieri, M, Cook, J, et al. Transferability of economic evaluations across jurisdictions: ISPOR Good Research Practices Task Force report. Value Health 2009;12:409–418.10.1111/j.1524-4733.2008.00489.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fukuda, H, Lee, J, Imanaka, Y. Costs of hospital-acquired infection and transferability of the estimates: a systematic review. Infection 2011;39:185–199.10.1007/s15010-011-0095-7CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Drummond, MF, Sculpher, MJ, Claxton, K, Stoddart, GL, Torrance, GW. Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes. London: Oxford University Press; 2015.Google Scholar
Husereau, D, Drummond, M, Petrou, S, et al. Consolidated health economic evaluation reporting standards (CHEERS) statement. BMJ 2013;11:6.Google ScholarPubMed
Graves, N, Halton, K, Doidge, S, Clements, A, Lairson, D, Whitby, M. Who bears the cost of healthcare-acquired surgical site infection? J Hosp Infect 2008;69:274–282.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fadayomi, AB, Kasumova, GG, Tabatabaie, O, et al. Unique predictors and economic burden of superficial and deep/organ space surgical site infections following pancreatectomy. HPB 2018;20:658–668.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vargas-Alzate, CA, Higuita-Gutiérrez, LF, López-López, L, Cienfuegos-Gallet, AV, Jiménez Quiceno, JN. High excess costs of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli in an endemic region. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018;51:601–607.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leaper, DJ, Holy, CE, Spencer, M, et al. Assessment of the risk and economic burden of surgical site infection following colorectal surgery using a us longitudinal database: is there a role for innovative antimicrobial wound closure technology to reduce the risk of infection? Dis Colon Rectum 2020;63:1628.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, J, Ma, X. Cost-benefit analysis of craniocerebral surgical site infection control in tertiary hospitals in China. J Infect in Dev Ctries 2015;9:182–189.10.3855/jidc.4482CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fukuda, H, Morikane, K, Kuroki, M, et al. Impact of surgical site infections after open and laparoscopic colon and rectal surgeries on postoperative resource consumption. Infection 2012;40:649–659.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gunnarsson, C, Rizzo, JA, Hochheiser, L. The effects of laparoscopic surgery and nosocomial infections on the cost of care: evidence from 3 common surgical procedures. Value Health 2009;12:47–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Al-Qurayshi, Z, Baker, SM, Garstka, M, et al. Postoperative infections: trends in distribution, risk factors, and clinical and economic burdens. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2018;19:717–722.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Madrigal, J, Sanaiha, Y, Karunungan, K, Sareh, S, Benharash, P. National trends in postoperative infections across surgical specialties. Surgery 2020;168:753–759.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nosrati, M, Boroumand, M, Tahmasebi, S, Sotoudeh, M, Sheikhfathollahi, M, Goodarzynejad, H. Excess costs associated with common healthcare-associated infections in an Iranian cardiac surgical unit. J Hosp Infect 2010;76:304–307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Von Strauss, M, Marti Walter, R, Mujagic, E, et al. The impact of surgical site infections on hospital contribution margin—a European prospective observational cohort study. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2019;40:1374–1379.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Abu-Sheasha, GA, Yassine, OG, Anwar, MM, Bedwani, RN. Cost of surgical site infection in Egyptian University Hospital: Informing a decision to implement an infection control program using simulation. Oper Res Health Care 2018;18:26–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adeyemi, Ayoade, Trueman, Paul. Economic burden of surgical site infections within the episode of care following joint replacement. J Orthop Surg Res 2019;14:1–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaye, KS, Anderson, DJ, Sloane, R, et al. The effect of surgical site infection on older operative patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 2009;57:46–54.10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.02053.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kandilov, AMG, Coomer, NM, Dalton, K. The impact of hospital-acquired conditions on Medicare program payments. Medicare Medicaid Res Rev 2014;4(4):E1–E23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olsen, MA, Butler, AM, Willers, DM, Gross, GA, Hamilton, BH, Fraser, VJ. Attributable costs of surgical site infection and endometritis after low transverse cesarean delivery. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2010;31:276–282.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olsen, MA, Chu-Ongsakul, S, Brandt, KE, Dietz, JR, Mayfield, J, Fraser, VJ. Hospital-associated costs due to surgical site infection after breast surgery. Arch Surg 2008;143:53–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bakkum-Gamez, JN, Dowdy, SC, Borah, BJ, et al. Predictors and costs of surgical site infections in patients with endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2013;130:100–106.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Lissovoy, G, Fraeman, K, Hutchins, V, Murphy, D, Song, D, Vaughn, BB. Surgical site infection: incidence and impact on hospital utilization and treatment costs. Am J Infect Control 2009;37:387–397.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gili-Ortiz, E, González-Guerrero, R, Béjar-Prado, L, López-Méndez, J, Ramirez-Ramirez, G. Surgical site infections in patients who undergo radical cystectomy: excess mortality, stay prolongation and hospital cost overruns. Actas Urol Esp 2015;39:210–216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gantz, O, Zagadailov, P, Merchant, AM. The cost of surgical site infections after colorectal surgery in the United States from 2001 to 2012: a longitudinal analysis. Am Surg 2019;85:142–149.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Glied, S, Cohen, B, Liu, J, Neidell, M, Larson, E. Trends in mortality, length of stay, and hospital charges associated with health care-associated infections, 2006-2012. Am J Infect Control 2016;44:983–989.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mahmoud, NN, Turpin, RS, Yang, G, Saunders, WB. Impact of surgical site infections on length of stay and costs in selected colorectal procedures. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2009;10:539–544.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kurtz, SM, Lau, E, Schmier, J, Ong, KL, Zhao, K, Parvizi, J. Infection burden for hip and knee arthroplasty in the United States. J Arthroplasty 2008;23:984–991.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olsen, MA, Tian, F, Wallace, AE, et al. Use of quantile regression to determine the impact on total health care costs of surgical site infections following common ambulatory procedures. Ann Surg 2017;265:331–339.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kurtz, SM, Lau, E, Watson, H, Schmier, JK, Parvizi, J. Economic burden of periprosthetic joint infection in the United States. J Arthroplasty 2012;27:61–65.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dal-Paz, K, Oliveira, PR, Paula, AP, Emerick, MC, Pécora, JR, Lima, AL. Economic impact of treatment for surgical site infections in cases of total knee arthroplasty in a tertiary public hospital in Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis 2010;14:356–359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, JC, Morrison, KA, Maeng, MM, Ascherman, JA, Rohde, CH. Financial implications of atypical mycobacterial infections after cosmetic tourism: is it worth the risk? Ann Plast Surg 2018;81:269–273.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miletic, KG, Taylor, TN, Martin, ET, Vaidya, R, Kaye, KS. Readmissions after diagnosis of surgical site infection following knee and hip arthroplasty. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35:152–157.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Parker, B, Petrou, S, Masters, JPM, Achana, F, Costa, ML. Economic outcomes associated with deep surgical site infection in patients with an open fracture of the lower limb. Bone Joint J 2018;100:1506–1510.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Defez, C, Fabbro-Peray, P, Cazaban, M, Boudemaghe, T, Sotto, A, Daurès, JP. Additional direct medical costs of nosocomial infections: an estimation from a cohort of patients in a French university hospital. J Hosp Infect 2008;68:130–136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koek, M, van der Kooi, T, Stigter, F, et al. Burden of surgical site infections in the Netherlands: cost analyses and disability-adjusted life years. J Hosp Infect 2019;103:293–302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, DJ, Kaye, KS, Chen, LF, et al. Clinical and financial outcomes due to methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus surgical site infection: a multi-center matched outcomes study. PloS One 2009;4(12):e8305.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wolters, M, Oelke, M, Lutze, B, et al. Deep surgical site infections after open radical cystectomy and urinary diversion significantly increase hospitalisation time and total treatment costs. Urol Int 2017;98:268–273.10.1159/000449472CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Graf, K, Ott, E, Vonberg, RP, Kuehn, C, Haverich, A, Chaberny, IF. Economic aspects of deep sternal wound infections. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2010;37:893–896.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Metsemakers, WJ, Smeets, B, Nijs, S, Hoekstra, H. Infection after fracture fixation of the tibia: analysis of healthcare utilization and related costs. Injury 2017;48:1204–1210.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Daneman, N, Homenauth, E, Saskin, R, Ng, R, Ha, A, Wijeysundera, HC. The predictors and economic burden of early-, mid-and late-onset cardiac implantable electronic device infections: a retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020;26:255–e1.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ho, D, Lynch, RJ, Ranney, DN, Magar, A, Kubus, J, Englesbe, MJ. Financial impact of surgical site infection after kidney transplantation: implications for quality improvement initiative design. J Am Coll Surg 2010;211:99–104.10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2010.02.055CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eagye, KJ, Nicolau, DP. Deep and organ-space infections in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery: incidence and impact on hospital length of stay and costs. Am J Surg 2009;198:359–367.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ohno, M, Shimada, Y, Satoh, M, Kojima, Y, Sakamoto, K, Hori, S. Evaluation of economic burden of colonic surgical site infection at a Japanese hospital. J Hosp Infect 2018;99:31–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rennert-May, E, Conly, J, Smith, S, et al. The cost of managing complex surgical site infections following primary hip and knee arthroplasty: a population-based cohort study in Alberta, Canada. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:1183–1188.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shepard, J, Ward, W, Milstone, A, et al. Financial impact of surgical site infections on hospitals: the hospital management perspective. JAMA Surg 2013;148:907–914.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wijeratna, MD, McRoberts, J, Porteous, MJ. Cost of infection after surgery for intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2015;97:283–286.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Atkinson, RA, Jones, A, Ousey, K, Stephenson, J. Management and cost of surgical site infection in patients undergoing surgery for spinal metastasis. J Hosp Infect 2017;95:148–153.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jenks, PJ, Laurent, M, McQuarry, S, Watkins, R. Clinical and economic burden of surgical site infection (SSI) and predicted financial consequences of elimination of SSI from an English hospital. J Hosp Infect 2014;86:24–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schweizer, ML, Cullen, JJ, Perencevich, EN, Vaughan Sarrazin, MS. Costs associated with surgical site infections in Veterans’ Affairs hospitals. JAMA Surg 2014;149:575–581.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
González-Vélez, AE, Romero-Martin, M, Villanueva-Orbaiz, R, Diaz-Agero-Pérez, C, Robustillo-Rodela, A, Monge-Jodra, V. The cost of infection in hip arthroplasty: a matched case-control study. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol 2016;60:227–233.Google ScholarPubMed
Kuhns, BD, Lubelski, D, Alvin, MD, et al. Cost and quality of life outcome analysis of postoperative infections after subaxial dorsal cervical fusions. J Neurosurg Spine 2015;22:381–386.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wick, EC, Hirose, K, Shore, AD, et al. Surgical site infections and cost in obese patients undergoing colorectal surgery. Arch Surg 2011;146:1068–1072.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Provenzano, DA, Falowski, SM, Xia, Y, Doth, AH. Spinal cord stimulation infection rate and incremental annual expenditures: results from a United States payer database. Neuromodulation 2019;22:302–310.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chitnis, AS, Vanderkarr, M, Sparks, C, McGlohorn, J, Holy, CE. Complications and its impact in patients with closed and open tibial shaft fractures requiring open reduction and internal fixation. J Comp Eff Res 2019;8:1405–1416.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alfonso, JL, Pereperez, SB, Canoves, JM, Martinez, MM, Martinez, IM, Martin-Moreno, JM. Are we really seeing the total costs of surgical site infections? A Spanish study. Wound Repair Regen 2007;15:474–481.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blumberg, TJ, Woelber, E, Bellabarba, C, Bransford, R, Spina, N. Predictors of increased cost and length of stay in the treatment of postoperative spine surgical site infection. Spine J 2018;18:300–306.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Penel, N, Lefebvre, JL, Cazin, JL, et al. Additional direct medical costs associated with nosocomial infections after head and neck cancer surgery: a hospital-perspective analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008;37:135–139.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Juchler, F, Roth, JA, Schweiger, A, et al. Costs versus earnings in colon surgery and coronary artery bypass grafting under a prospective payment system: Sufficient financial incentives to reduce surgical site infections? Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:1246–1249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weber, WP, Zwahlen, M, Reck, S, et al. Economic burden of surgical site infections at a European university hospital. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2008;29:623–629.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kashimura, N, Kusachi, S, Konishi, T, et al. Impact of surgical site infection after colorectal surgery on hospital stay and medical expenditure in Japan. Surg Today 2012;42:639–645.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kusachi, S, Kashimura, N, Konishi, T, et al. Length of stay and cost for surgical site infection after abdominal and cardiac surgery in Japanese hospitals: multicenter surveillance. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2012;13:257–265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bohensky, MA, Ademi, Z, deSteiger, R, et al. Quantifying the excess cost and resource utilisation for patients with complications associated with elective knee arthroscopy: a retrospective cohort study. Knee 2014;21:491–496.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kobayashi, J, Kusachi, S, Sawa, Y, et al. Socioeconomic effects of surgical site infection after cardiac surgery in Japan. Surg Today 2015;45:422–428.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hweidi, IM, Barbarawi, MA, Tawalbeh, LI, Al-hassan, MA, Al-Ibraheem, SW. Surgical site infections after craniotomy: a matched healthcare cost and length-of-stay study. J Wound Care 2018;27:885–890.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olesen, UK, Pedersen, NJ, Eckardt, H, et al. The cost of infection in severe open tibial fractures treated with a free flap. Int Orthop 2017;41:1049–1055.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Allan, V, Ramagopalan, S, Mardekian, J, et al. Propensity score matching and inverse probability of treatment weighting to address confounding by indication in comparative effectiveness research of oral anticoagulants. J Comp Eff Res 2020;9:603–614.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wakefield, DS, Pfaller, MA, Hammons, GT, Massanari, R. Use of the appropriateness evaluation protocol for estimating the incremental costs associated with nosocomial infections. Med Care 1987:481–488.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wakefield, DS, Pfaller, M, Ludke, RL, Wenzel, RP. Methods for estimating days of hospitalization due to nosocomial infections. Med Care 1992;30:373–376.10.1097/00005650-199204000-00007CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lloyd-Smith, P. Controlling for endogeneity in attributable costs of vancomycin-resistant enterococci from a Canadian hospital. Am J Infect Control 2017;45:e161–e164.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kilgore, M, Brossette, S. Cost of bloodstream infections. Am J Infect Control 2008;36(10):S172.e1–e3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Graves, N, Weinhold, D, Roberts, JA. Correcting for bias when estimating the cost of hospital-acquired infection: an analysis of lower respiratory tract infections in nonsurgical patients. Health Econ 2005;14:755–761.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hollenbeak, CS, Murphy, D, Dunagan, WC, Fraser, VJ. Nonrandom selection and the attributable cost of surgical-site infections. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2002;23:177–182.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perencevich, EN, Sands, KE, Cosgrove, SE, Guadagnoli, E, Meara, E, Platt, R. Health and economic impact of surgical site infections diagnosed after hospital discharge. Emerg Infect Dis 2003;9:196.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Global health expenditure database. World Health Organization website. https://apps.who.int/nha/database/ViewData/Indicators/en. Accessed June 26, 2021.Google Scholar
O’Brien, BJ. A tale of two (or more) cities: geographic transferability of pharmacoeconomic data. Am J Manag Care 1997;3:S33–S39.Google ScholarPubMed
Mani, K, Lundkvist, J, Holmberg, L, Wanhainen, A. Challenges in analysis and interpretation of cost data in vascular surgery. J Vasc Surg 2010;51:148–154.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sculpher, MJ, Basu, A, Kuntz, KM, Meltzer, DO. Reflecting Uncertainty in Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. New York: Oxford University Press; 2016:289.Google Scholar
Briggs, AH. Handling uncertainty in cost-effectiveness models. PharmacoEcon 2000;17:479–500.10.2165/00019053-200017050-00006CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hartling, L, Featherstone, R, Nuspl, M, Shave, K, Dryden, DM, Vandermeer, B. The contribution of databases to the results of systematic reviews: a cross-sectional study. BMC Med Res Methodol 2016;16:1–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halladay, CW, Trikalinos, TA, Schmid, IT, Schmid, CH, Dahabreh, IJ. Using data sources beyond PubMed has a modest impact on the results of systematic reviews of therapeutic interventions. J Clin Epidemiol 2015;68:1076–1084.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mora-Guzmán, I, Rubio-Perez, I, González, R, Domingo Garcia, D, Martin-Pérez, E. Surgical site infection by carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae: a challenge for today’s surgeons. Cir Esp (English) 2020;98:342–349.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edwards, C, Counsell, A, Boulton, C, Moran, CG. Early infection after hip fracture surgery: risk factors, costs and outcome. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2008;90:770–777.10.1302/0301-620X.90B6.20194CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mok, WQ, Ullal, MJ, Su, S, et al. An integrative care bundle to prevent surgical site infections among surgical hip patients: a retrospective cohort study. Am J Infect Control 2018;47:540–544.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Poultsides, LA, Ma, Y, Della Valle, AG, Chiu, YL, Sculco, TP, Memtsoudis, SG. In-hospital surgical site infections after primary hip and knee arthroplasty—incidence and risk factors. J Arthroplasty 2013;28:385–389.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kapadia, BH, McElroy, MJ, Issa, K, Johnson, AJ, Bozic, KJ, Mont, MA. The economic impact of periprosthetic infections following total knee arthroplasty at a specialized tertiary-care center. J Arthroplasty 2014;29:929–932.10.1016/j.arth.2013.09.017CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kapadia, BH, Banerjee, S, Cherian, JJ, Bozic, KJ, Mont, MA. The economic impact of periprosthetic infections after total hip arthroplasty at a specialized tertiary-care center. J Arthroplasty 2016;31:1422–1426.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, SP, Shah, ND, Karnes, RJ, et al. The implications of hospital acquired adverse events on mortality, length of stay and costs for patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. J Urol 2012;187:2011–2017.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosenthal, NA, Heinrich, KH, Chung, J, Yu, H. Cost and hospital resource utilization of Staphylococcus aureus infection post elective posterior instrumented spinal fusion surgeries in US Hospitals: a retrospective cohort study. Spine 2019;44:637.10.1097/BRS.0000000000002898CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Keeffe, AB, Lawrence, T, Bojanic, S. Oxford craniotomy infections database: a cost analysis of craniotomy infection. Br J Neurosurg 2012;26:265–269.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Al-Qurayshi, Z, Walsh, J, Owen, S, Kandil, E. Surgical site infection in head and neck surgery: a national perspective. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019;161:52–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roy, S, Patkar, A, Daskiran, M, Levine, R, Hinoul, P, Nigam, S. Clinical and economic burden of surgical site infection in hysterectomy. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2014;15:266–273.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Turtiainen, J, Saimanen, E, Partio, T, et al. Surgical wound infections after vascular surgery: prospective multicenter observational study. Scand J Surg 2010;99:167–172.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dua, A, Desai, SS, Patel, B, et al. Preventable complications driving rising costs in management of patients with critical limb ischemia. Ann Vasc Surg 2016;33:144–148.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boltz, MM, Hollenbeak, CS, Julian, KG, Ortenzi, G, Dillon, PW. Hospital costs associated with surgical site infections in general and vascular surgery patients. Surgery 2011;150:934–942.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sparling, KW, Ryckman, FC, Schoettker, PJ, et al. Financial impact of failing to prevent surgical site infections. Qual Manag Health Care 2007;16:219–225.10.1097/01.QMH.0000281058.99929.eaCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lamarsalle, L, Hunt, B, Schauf, M, Szwarcensztein, K, Valentine, WJ. Evaluating the clinical and economic burden of healthcare-associated infections during hospitalization for surgery in France. Epidemiol Infect 2013;141:2473–2482.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campbell, RS, Emons, MF, Mardekian, J, Girgenti, D, Gaffney, M, Yu, H. Adverse clinical outcomes and resource utilization associated with methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus infections after elective surgery. Surg Infect 2015;16:543–552.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carey, K, Stefos, T, Zhao, S, Borzecki, AM, Rosen, AK. Excess costs attributable to postoperative complications. Med Care Res Rev 2011;68:490–503.10.1177/1077558710396378CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mogyorosy, Z, Smith, PC. The main methodological issues in costing healthcare services: a literature review. CHE Research Paper. York, UK: Centre for Health Economics, 2005. 242 pp.Google Scholar
Drummond, M, Manca, A, Sculpher, M. Increasing the generalizability of economic evaluations: recommendations for the design, analysis, and reporting of studies. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 2005;21:165–171.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tai, BB, Bae, YH, Le, QA. A systematic review of health economic evaluation studies using the patient’s perspective. Value Health 2016;19:903–908.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yasunaga, H, Ide, H, Imamura, T, Ohe, K. Accuracy of economic studies on surgical site infection. J Hosp Infect 2007;65:102–107.10.1016/j.jhin.2006.07.008CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zilberberg, MD, Shorr, AF. Understanding cost-effectiveness. Clin Microbiol Infect 2010;16:1707–1712.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Supplementary material: File

Shaaban et al. supplementary material

Shaaban et al. supplementary material

Download Shaaban et al. supplementary material(File)
File 101.1 KB