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Potential Role of Active Surveillance in the Control of a Hospital-Wide Outbreak of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Debby Ben-David ,
Yasmin Maor ,
Nathan Keller ,
Gili Regev-Yochay ,
Ilana Tal ,
Dalit Shachar ,
Amir Zlotkin ,
Gill Smollan  and
Galia Rahav
Debby Ben-David*
Affiliation:
Infectious Diseases Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
Yasmin Maor
Affiliation:
Infectious Diseases Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
Nathan Keller
Affiliation:
Infectious Diseases Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
Gili Regev-Yochay
Affiliation:
Infectious Diseases Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
Ilana Tal
Affiliation:
Infectious Diseases Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
Dalit Shachar
Affiliation:
Infectious Diseases Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
Amir Zlotkin
Affiliation:
Infectious Diseases Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
Gill Smollan
Affiliation:
Infectious Diseases Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
Galia Rahav
Affiliation:
Infectious Diseases Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
*
Infectious Diseases Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel (Debby.BenDavid@ sheba.health.gov.il)
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Extract

Background.

The recent emergence of carbapenem resistance among Enterobacteriaceae is a major threat for hospitalized patients, and effective strategies are needed.

Objective.

To assess the effect of an intensified intervention, which included active surveillance, on the incidence of infection with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Setting.

Sheba Medical Center, a 1,600-bed tertiary care teaching hospital in Tel Hashomer, Israel.

Design.

Quasi-experimental study.

Methods.

The medical records of all the patients who acquired a carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae infection during 2006 were reviewed. An intensified intervention was initiated in May 2007. In addition to contact precautions, active surveillance was initiated in high-risk units. The incidence of clinical carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae infection over time was measured, and interrupted time-series analysis was performed.

Results.

The incidence of clinical carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae infection increased 6.42-fold from the first quarter of 2006 up to the initiation of the intervention. In 2006, of the 120 patients whose clinical microbiologic culture results were positive for carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae, 67 (56%) developed a nosocomial infection. During the intervention period, the rate of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae rectal colonization was 9%. Of the 390 patients with carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae colonization or infection, 204 (52%) were identified by screening cultures. There were a total of 12,391 days of contact precautions, and of these, 4,713 (38%) were added as a result of active surveillance. After initiation of infection control measures, we observed a significant decrease in the incidence of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae infection.

Conclusions.

The use of active surveillance and contact precautions, as part of a multifactorial intervention, may be an effective strategy to decrease rates of nosocomial transmission of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae colonization or infection.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 31 , Issue 6 , June 2010 , pp. 620 - 626
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 2010

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