Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T03:49:17.842Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Building Galaxy Models with Schwarzschild Method and Spectral Dynamics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 April 2016

Hongsheng Zhao
Hongsheng Zhao*
Affiliation:
Sterrewacht Leiden, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA, Leiden, The Netherlands, (hsz@strw.LeidenUniv.nl)

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Tremendous progress has been made recently in modelling the morphology and kinematics of centers of galaxies. Increasingly realistic models are built for central bar, bulge, nucleus and black hole of galaxies, including our own. The newly revived Schwarzschild method has played a central role in these theoretical modellings. Here I will highlight some recent work at Leiden on extending the Schwarzschild method in a few directions. After a brief discussion of (i) an analytical approach to include stochastic orbits (Zhao 1996), and (ii) the “pendulum effect” of loop and boxlet orbits (Zhao, Carollo, de Zeeuw 1999), I will concentrate on the very promising (iii) spectral dynamics method, with which not only can one obtain semi-analytically the actions of individual orbits as previously known, but also many other physical quantities, such as the density in configuration space and the line-of-sight velocity distribution of a superposition of orbits (Copin, Zhao & de Zeeuw 1999). The latter method also represents a drastic reduction of storage space for the orbit library and an increase in accuracy over the grid-based Schwarzschild method.

Type
Stellar Systems
Information
International Astronomical Union Colloquium , Volume 172: Impact of Modern Dynamics in Astronomy , 1999 , pp. 187 - 194
Copyright
Copyright © Kluwer 1999

References

Aarseth, S. & Binney, J. 1976: MNRAS, 185, 227 Google Scholar
Arnold, R., de Zeeuw, P.T., & Hunter, C.: 1994, MNRAS, 271, 924 Google Scholar
Barnes, J.: 1996, in the formation of Galaxies, Proc. 5th Carnary Islands Winter School of Astrophys., Munoz-Tunon ed., ( Cambridge U. Press), p 399 Google Scholar
Binney, J.: 1982,ARAA, 20, 399 Google Scholar
Binney, J., Spergel, D.: 1982, ApJ, 252, 308 Google Scholar
Carpintero, D.D., Aguilar, L.A.: 1998, MNRAS, 298, 1 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Copin, Y., Zhao, H. & de Zeeuw, P.T.: 1998, in preparationGoogle Scholar
Dejonghe, H. et al.: 1995, A&A, 306, 363 Google Scholar
de Zeeuw, P.T.: 1996, in Gravitational Dynamics, Proc. 36th Herstmonceux Conf., Lahav, , Terlevich, & Terlevich, eds, Cambridge U. Press Google Scholar
Eddington, A.S.: 1916, MNRAS, 76, 572 Google Scholar
Freeman, K.: 1966, MNRAS, 134, 15 Google Scholar
Fux, R.: 1997, A&A, 327, 983 Google Scholar
Gerhard, O.: 1994, in Galactic Dynamics & N-body Simulations, Proc. 6th European Summer School, Contopoulos & Spyrou ed., (Springer), p191 Google Scholar
Gerhard, O.E., Binney, J.J.: 1985, MNRAS, 216, 467 Google Scholar
Hunter, C. & Qian, E.: 1993, MNRAS, 262, 401 Google Scholar
Kaasalainen, M. & Binney, J.: 1994, MNRAS, 268, 1033 Google Scholar
Kormendy, J. & Richstone, D.: 1995, ARA&A, 33, 581 Google Scholar
Merritt, D.: 1996, in The Nature of Elliptical Galaxies, 2nd Stromlo Symposium, Arnaboldi, Da, Costa and Saha, edsGoogle Scholar
Merritt, D.: 1999, PASP, 111, 129 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merritt, D.R., Fridman, T.: 1996, ApJ, 460, 136 Google Scholar
Merritt, D.R., Valluri, M.: 1996, ApJ, 471, 82 Google Scholar
Papaphilipou, Y., Laskar, J.: 1996, A&A, 307, 427 Google Scholar
Pfenniger, D.: 1984, A&A, 141, 171 Google Scholar
Pfenniger, D., de Zeeuw, P.T.: 1989, in Dynamics of Dense Stellar Systems, Merritt, D. ed., Cambridge Univ. Press, 81 Google Scholar
Qian, E.E. et al.: 1995, MNRAS, 274, 602 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qian, E.E., de Zeeuw, P.T., van der Marel, R.P. and Hunter, C.: 1995, MNRAS, 274, 602 Google Scholar
Ratcliff, S.J., Chang, K.M. & Schwarzschild, M.: 1984, ApJ, 279, 610 Google Scholar
Richstone, D. & Tremaine, S. 1988, ApJ, 327, 82 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rix, H.-W. et al. 1997, ApJ, 488, 706 Google Scholar
Schwarzschild, M.: 1979, ApJ, 232, 236 Google Scholar
Schwarzschild, M.: 1982, ApJ, 263, 599 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sridhar, S. and Touma, J.: 1997, MNRAS, 287, L1 Google Scholar
Statler, T.S.: 1987, ApJ, 321, 113 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Statler, T.S.: 1991, A.J., 102, 882 Google Scholar
Syer, D., Zhao, H.S.: 1998, MNRAS, 296, 407 Google Scholar
Teuben, P.: 1987, MNRAS, 227, 815 Google Scholar
van der Marel, R.P. et al.: 1998, ApJ, 493, 613 Google Scholar
Vandervoort, P.O.: 1980, ApJ, 240, 478 Google Scholar
Wilkinson, A. & James, R.A.: 1982, MNRAS, 199, 171 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wozniak, H. & Pfenniger, D.: 1997, A&A, 317, 14 Google Scholar
Zhao, H.S.: 1996, MNRAS, 283, 149 Google Scholar
Zhao, H.S., Carello, C.M. & de Zeeuw, P.T.: 1999, MNRAS, in pressGoogle Scholar