Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 April 2016
Mira variables are found at the tip of the asymptotic giant branch, with L≈3000-5000Lʘ and TeH3000K. (Feast 1981; Willson 1981a). They are fundamental mode pulsators (Willson 1979, 1981a). A typical Mira has P~350 days, R~200-300Rʘ, M~1-2Mʘ (Willson 1979; 1981a). From the atmospheric velocities of the Miras plus a fundamental mode period-massradius relation one finds present masses for the Miras which are not very different from their progenitor masses (Willson 1981a). This suggests that pre-Mira mass loss is moderate -- ≲20% of the mass is lost before pulsation starts. In fact one expects only moderate mass loss before the Mira stage;