Hostname: page-component-6bf8c574d5-pdxrj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-03-08T20:42:49.208Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Solar and Stellar Flares: Questions and Problems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 April 2016

D. J. Mullan
D. J. Mullan*
Affiliation:
Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware Newark, DE 19716, U.S.A.

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Although progress has been made in understanding certain aspects of the physics of solar and stellar flares, there are a number of topics which, in the author's opinion, still pose a problem. We summarize these topics here.

Type
Research Article
Information
International Astronomical Union Colloquium , Volume 104 , Issue 1: Solar and Stellar Flares , 1989 , pp. 239 - 259
Copyright
Copyright © Kluwer 1989

References

Ambruster, C. et al: 1987, Astrophys. J. Suppl. 65, 273.Google Scholar
Applegate, J. and Patterson, J.: 1987, Astrophys. J. 322, L99.Google Scholar
Bahcall, J. et al: 1988, Nature 334, 487.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bai, T.: 1987, Astrophys. J. 318, L85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bai, T.: 1988, Astrophys. J. 328, 860.Google Scholar
Baliunas, S.: 1986, in Zeilik, M. and Gibson, D. (eds.), Cool Stars, Stellar Systems, and the Sun, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 3.Google Scholar
Basri, G.: 1987, Astrophys. J. 316, 377.Google Scholar
Bastian, T. and Bookbinder, J.: 1987, Nature 326, 678.Google Scholar
Baum, P. and Bratenahl, A.: 1980, Solar Phys. 67, 245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bieber, J.: 1988, J. Geophys. Res. 93, 5903.Google Scholar
Bookbinder, J. et al: 1986, in Zeilik, M. and Gibson, D. (eds.), Cool Stars, Stellar Systems, and the Sun, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 97.Google Scholar
Bopp, B. and Moffett, T.: 1973, Astrophys. J. 185, 239.Google Scholar
Bopp, B., et al.: 1981, Astrophys. J. 249, 210.Google Scholar
Bornmann, P.: 1987', Astrophys. J. 313, 449.Google Scholar
Brown, J. G.: 1971, Solar Phys. 18, 489.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Canfield, R. C. et al: 1984, Astrophys. J. 282, 296.Google Scholar
Canfield, R. G. et al: 1987, Nature 326, 165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chan, K. and Sofia, S.: 1986, Astrophys. J. 307, 222.Google Scholar
Chiuderi Drago, F. et al: 1987, Solar Phys. 112, 89.Google Scholar
Chiueh, T. and Zweibel, E.: 1989, Astrophys. J. (in press).Google Scholar
Coleman, G. and Worden, S. P.: 1976, Astrophys. J. 205, 475.Google Scholar
Cox, A. et al: 1981, Astrophys. J. 245, L37.Google Scholar
Cram, L. and Woods, T.: 1982, Astrophys. J. 257, 269.Google Scholar
Dahlburg, R. et al: 1988, Astron. Astrophys. 198, 300.Google Scholar
Dicke, R.: 1979, Astrophys. J. 228, 899.Google Scholar
Dicke, R.: 1982, Solar Phys. 78, 3.Google Scholar
Doyle, J. and Butler, J.: 1985, Nature 313, 378.Google Scholar
Duvall, T. and Harvey, J.: 1984, Nature 310, 19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duvall, T. et al: 1986, Nature 321, 500.Google Scholar
Fisher, G.: 1987, Solar Phys. 113, 307.Google Scholar
Forbes, T. and Priest, E.: 1986, J. Geophys. Res. 91, 1289.Google Scholar
Gershberg, R. and Shakhovskaya, N.: 1983, Astrophys. Space Sci. 95, 235.Google Scholar
Giampapa, M. and Liebert, J.: 1986, Astrophys. J. 305, 784.Google Scholar
Grinin, V. P. and Sobolev, V. V.: 1989, in Haisch, B. M. and Rodonò, M. (eds.), IAU Colloq. 104, Solar and Stellar Flares, Poster Papers, Pubi. Catania Astrophys. Obs., Special Volume, p. 297.Google Scholar
Haisch, B. M.: 1983, in Byrne, P. B. and Rodonò, M. (eds.), Activity in Red Dwarf Stars, D. Reidei Pubi. Co., Dordrecht, Holland, p. 255.Google Scholar
Hamilton, R. J. and Petrosian, V.: 1987, Astrophys. J. 321, 721.Google Scholar
Holman, G.: 1986, in Zeilik, M. and Gibson, D. (eds.), Cool Stars, Stellar Systems, and the Sun, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 271.Google Scholar
Holt, R. D. and Mullan, D. J.: 1987, Solar Phys. 107, 63.Google Scholar
Hölzer, T.: 1980, in Dupree, A. (ed.), Smithsonian Astrophys. Obs. Spec. Rep., No. 389, p. 165.Google Scholar
Howard, R. et al: 1985, J. Geophys. Res. 90, 2314.Google Scholar
Kahler, S. et al: 1988, Astrophys. J. 328, 824.Google Scholar
Katsova, M. et al: 1987, Astron. Zh. 64, 1243.Google Scholar
Kuijpers, J.: 1985, in Hjellming, R. M. and Gibson, D. M. (eds.), Radio Stars, D. Reidei Pubi. Co., Dordrecht, Holland, p. 23.Google Scholar
Lang, K. R.: 1983, in Byrne, P. B. and Rodonò, M. (eds.), Activity in Red Dwarf Stars, D. Reidei Pubi. Co., Dordrecht, Holland, p. 331.Google Scholar
Lang, K. R. et al: 1987, Astrophys. J. 322, 1044.Google Scholar
Louarn, P. et al: 1987, Solar Phys. 111, 20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Low, B. C. and Wolfson, R.: 1988, Astrophys. J. ?, 574.Google Scholar
Machado, M. et al: 1988, Astrophys. J. 326, 425.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marcy, G. et al: 1985, Astrophys. J. 288, 259.Google Scholar
Matthaeus, W. and Lamkin, S.: 1985, Phys. Fluids 28, 303.Google Scholar
McClymont, A. and Fisher, G.: 1988, in Outstanding Problems in Solar System Plasma Physics: Theory and Instrumentation, Proc. of Yosemite 1988 Conference.Google Scholar
Melrose, D. B. and Dulk, G. A.: 1982, Astrophys. J. 259, 844.Google Scholar
Mullan, D. J.: 1975, Astrophys. J. 201, 630.Google Scholar
Mullan, D. J.: 1976, Astrophys. J. 207, 289.Google Scholar
Mullan, D. J.: 1977, Solar Phys. 54, 183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mullan, D. J.: 1984a, Astrophys. J. 279, 746.Google Scholar
Mullan, D. J.: 1984b, Astrophys. J. 282, 603.Google Scholar
Mullan, D. J.: 1985, in Hjellming, R. M. and Gibson, D. M. (eds.), Radio Stars, D. Reidei Pubi. Co., Dordrecht, Holland, p. 173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mullan, D. J., Stencel, R. E., and Backman, D.: 1989, Astrophys. J. (in press, August 1989 issue).Google Scholar
Mullan, D. J. et al.: 1988, in Rolfe, E. J. (ed.), A Decade of UV Astronomy with the WE Satellite, ESA SP-281, Paris, Vol. l, p.423.Google Scholar
Mullan, D. J., Sion, E. M., Bruhweiler, F. G., and Carpenter, K. G.: 1989, Astrophys. J. 339, L33.Google Scholar
Mundt, R.: 1984, Astrophys. J. 280, 749.Google Scholar
Ohki, K. and Hudson, H.: 1975, Solar Phys. 53, 405.Google Scholar
Parker, E. N.: 1987, Solar Phys. 110, 11.Google Scholar
Parker, E. N.: 1988, Astrophys. J. 330, 474.Google Scholar
Patterson, J.: 1984, Astrophys. J. Suppl. 54, 443.Google Scholar
Pettersen, B.: 1989, Astron. Astrophys. 209, 279.Google Scholar
Reale, F. et al.: 1988, Astrophys. J. 328, 256.Google Scholar
Rutten, R. G. M. et al.: 1989, Astron. Astrophys. (in press).Google Scholar
Saar, S. et ai: 1987, in 27th Liège Int. Astrophys. Colloquium. Google Scholar
Schmitt, J. et ai: 1987, Astrophys. J. 322, 1033.Google Scholar
Schneeberger, T. et ai: 1979, Astrophys. J. 231, 148.Google Scholar
Schwarzschild, M.: 1958, Structure and Evolution of the Stars, Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, p. 257.Google Scholar
Shakhovskaya, N. I.: 1979, Izv. Krymsk. Astrofiz. Obs. 60, 24.Google Scholar
Simnett, G. M.: 1989, in Haisch, B. M. and Rodonò, M. (eds.), IAU Colloq. 104, Solar and Stellar Flares, Poster Papers, Pubi. Catania Astrophys. Obs., Special Volume.Google Scholar
Skumanich, A.: 1985, Australian J. Phys. 38, 971.Google Scholar
Spicer, D. S.: 1976, NRL Report 8036.Google Scholar
Strauss, H.: 1988, Astrophys. J. 326, 412.Google Scholar
Strong, K. T. et al: 1986, in Kundu, M. and Woodgate, B. (eds.), Energetic Phenomena on the Sun, NASA Conf. Proc. CP-2349, pp. 5–38.Google Scholar
Tarter, G. and Mullan, D.: 1977, Astrophys. J. 212, 179.Google Scholar
Van den Oord, G.: 1987, ‘Stellar Flares', doctoral dissertation, Utrecht, p. 108.Google Scholar
van Leeuwen, F. and Alphenaar, F.: 1983, in Byrne, P. B. and Rodonò, M. (eds.), Activity in Red Dwarf Stars, D. Reidei Pubi. Co., Dordrecht, Holland, p. 189.Google Scholar
Vilhu, O. and Walter, F.: 1987, Astrophys. J. 321, 958.Google Scholar
Waldron, W. and Mullan, D. J.: 1987, Astrophys. J. 319, 971.Google Scholar
Webb, D. et al: 1980, in Sturrock, P. (ed.), Solar Flares, Colorado Assoc. Univ. Press, Boulder, p. 471.Google Scholar
Wilson, R.: 1987, NASA Tech. Paper 2714.Google Scholar
Winglee, R.: 1985, in Hjellming, R. and Gibson, D. (eds.), Radio Stars, D. Reidei Pubi. Co., Dordrecht, Holland, p. 49.Google Scholar
Young, A. et ai: 1983, Astrophys. J. 267, 655.Google Scholar