Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T08:16:50.487Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Industrial disability in the Japanese railways business: the activity of Testudō Kōsaikai, 1931–1955

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 March 2021

Toshitaka Nagahiro
Toshitaka Nagahiro*
Affiliation:
Department of Economics, Wakayama University, Wakayama, Japan
*
*Corresponding author. Email: nagahiro@wakayama-u.ac.jp
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The industrialization process generated many disabilities. However, the historical study of industrial disability has not progressed. This study examines disability welfare in the Japanese railroad industry. In particular, Testudō Kōsaikai, an organization of the Japanese National Railways (JNR) established in 1931, was uniquely devoted to welfare activities by linking a profit-making business and the provision of welfare. To cover welfare costs, such as providing workshops for disabled people, Kōsaikai conducted profit-making businesses, such as sales at station stalls. However, the welfare of disabled people in the JNR, including the activities of Kōsaikai, has not been previously examined. This study clarified the structure of disability welfare in the Japanese railroad industry until the early postwar period. People with a lower degree of disability, such as one upper or lower member amputation, were employed by the JNR, while some of these people were employed by Kōsaikai as sellers or officers, or accepted job training in Kōsaikai workshops. On the contrary, although few people with higher degrees of disability were employed by the JNR and Kōsaikai, the latter employed their family members to compensate them for their living costs.

Keywords

Disability welfareJapanese National RailwaysTestudō Kōsaikaiworkshop
Type
Featured Essays on the History of Disability in Japan
Information
International Journal of Asian Studies , Volume 19 , Issue 1 , January 2022 , pp. 19 - 35
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Chūbu Shibu, Testudō Kōsaikai (1962). Testudō Kōsaikai Chūbu Shibu 鉄道弘済会中部支部. Chubu Shibushi 中部支部史 (The History of Chubu Blanch). Hiroshima: Testudō Kōsaikai Chūbu Shibu.Google Scholar
Hokkaidō Shibu, Testudō Kōsaikai (1954). Testudō Kōsaikai Hokkaidō Shibu 鉄道弘済会北海道支部. Hokkaidō Shibushi 北海道支部史 (The History of Hokkaido Blanch). Sapporo: Testudō Kōsaikai Hokkaidō Shibu.Google Scholar
Inoki, Takenori (2014). Inoki, Takenori猪木武徳 and Markus, Ruttermann マルクス＝リュッターマン eds. Kindai Nippon no Kō to Min 近代日本の公と民 (The Modern Japanese Public and Private). Tokyo: ＮＴＴ Shūppan.Google Scholar
Japanese National Railways (1958). Japanese National Railways, Bureau of Health and Welfare 日本国有鉄道厚生局. Nippon Kokuyū Tetsudō Kyōsai Kumiai Gojyū Nenshi 国鉄共済組合 50 年史 (The History of Fifty Years of the Japanese National Railway Mutual Aid Association). Tokyo: The Japanese National Railway Mutual Aid Association.Google Scholar
Japanese National Railways (1997). Nippon Kokuyū Tesudō 日本国有鉄道. Nippon Kokuyū Tetsudō Hyakunenshi, dai 10 kan 日本国有鉄道百年史, 第 10 巻 (The History of 100 Years of Japanese National Railways, Vol. 10). Tokyo: Nariyamadō Shoten (Reprint).Google Scholar
Kanbō Hokenka, Testudō Daijin (1927a). Testudō Daijin Kanbō Hokenka 鉄道大臣官房保険課. Shōi Sippei Tōsa Ruirei, Ni shū 傷痍疾病等差類例, 2 輯 (The Case of Disability and Disease Classes, Vol. 2). Tokyo: Testudō Daijin Kanbō Hokenka.Google Scholar
Kanbō Hokenka, Testudō Daijin (1927b). Testudō Daijin Kanbō Hokenka 鉄道大臣官房保険課. Kōshōbyō Kettei Rei 公傷病決定例(The Determination Case of Employment Injure and Disease). Tokyo: Testudō Daijin Kanbō Hokenka.Google Scholar
KIOP21 (2004). KIOP21 Purojiekuto Chīmu 2004. Mezameru Kiyosuku 目覚めるキヨスク (Restart of Kiosk). Tokyo: chūōkeizai, 2004.Google Scholar
Kokutesu Rōdōkumiai (1967). Kokutesu Rōdōkumiai 国鉄労働組合. Kokutesu Rōdōkumiai Nijyūnenshi 国鉄労働組合20年史 (The 20 Years History of Japanese National Railways Labour Union). Tokyo: Rodo-Kumiai.Google Scholar
Kōseikyoku, Nippon Kokuyū Tetsudō (1955). Nippon Kokuyū Tetsudō Kōseikyoku 日本国有鉄道更生局. Kokutesu Syōisya no Jittai 国鉄傷痍者の実態 (The Actual Condition of the Disabled Person in Japanese National Railways). Tokyo: Nippon Kokuyū Tetsudō Kōseikyoku.Google Scholar
Nagahiro, Toshitaka (2014). Nagahiro, Toshitaka 長廣利崇. “Kōgyōka to Shōgaisha 工業化と障害者 (Industriazation and Disabled Person).” In Rekishi No Nakano Shōgaisya 歴史のなかの障害者 (The Disabled Person in History), ed. Yamashita, Mai 山下麻衣, Tokyo: Hōsei Daigaku Shuppankai, pp. 133–168.Google Scholar
Nakajima, Takanobu (2006). Naekajima, Takanobu 中島隆信. Shōgaisha no Keizaigaku 障害者の経済学 (The Economics of Person with Disability). Tokyo: Tōyō keizaisinpōsha.Google Scholar
Nakamura, Masanori (1998). Nakamura, Masanori 中村政則. Rōdōsya to Nōmin: Nippon Kindai wo Sasaeta Hitobito 労働者と農民：日本近代をささえた人々 (Labor and Farmer: People who Supported Modern Japan). Tokyo: Shōgakukan.Google Scholar
Nippon Ginkō (1968). Nippon Ginkō 日本銀行. Tōkyō Oroshiuri Btsuka Sisū, 1922–1967 東京卸売物価指数, 1922–1967 (Retail Price Index of Tokyo for 1922–1967). Tokyo: Nippon Ginkō.Google Scholar
Ogura, Akio (2003). Ogura, Akio 小倉昌男. Fukushi Keiei wo Kaeru 福祉を変える経営 (The Management of Changing Welfare). Tokyo: Nippon Keizai Shinbunsya.Google Scholar
Sohyō Bengodan, Rōsai Kenkyūkai (1975). Sohyō Bengodan Rōsai Kenkyūkai 総評弁護団労災研究会. Rōsai and Shokugyōbyō 労災・職業病 (Industrial Accident and Occupational Disease). Tokyo: Minshūsya.Google Scholar
Tanimoto, Kanji (2006). Tanimoto, Kanji 谷本寛治. Sōsharu Entāpuraizu ソーシャル・エンタープライズ (Social Enterprise). Tokyo: Chuōkeizaisha.Google Scholar
Testudō Kōsaikai, Nijūnenshi Hensan Iinkai (1952). Tetsudō Kōsaikai Nijūnenshi Hensan Iinkai 鉄道弘済会二十年史編纂委員会 (The History of 20 years of Testudō Kōsaikai Editing Committee). Tetsudō Kōsaikai Nijūnenshi 鉄道弘済会二十年史 (The History of 20 Years of Testudō Kōsaikai). Tokyo: Tetsudō Kōsaikai Nijūnenshi Hensan Iinkai.Google Scholar
Testudō Kōsaikai, Zaidanhōjin (1951). Zaidanhōjin Testudō Kōsaikai 財団法人鉄道弘済会. Nippon Kokuyū Tetsudō Kankei Shintaishōgaisya no Jittutai 日本国有鉄道関係身体障害者の実態 (The Actual Conditions of the Disabled Person in Japanese National Railways). Tokyo: Zaidanhōjin Testudō Kōsaikai Railways.Google Scholar
Testudō Kōsaikai, Zaidanhōjin (1954a). Zaidanhōjin Testudō Kōsaikai 財団法人鉄道弘済会. Ikiru Yorokobi 生きる歓び (The Joy of Living). Tokyo: Zaidanhōjin Testudō Kōsaikai.Google Scholar
Testudō Kōsaikai, Zaidanhōjin (1954b). Zaidanhōjin Testudō Kōsaikai 財団法人鉄道弘済会. Tesudō Shinryōsho ni Okeru Syōisha no Jittutai 鉄道診療所に於ける傷痍者の指導 (The Guidance of Disabled Person in the Railroad Clinic). Tokyo: Testudō Kōsaikai Gyōmubu.Google Scholar
Testudō Kōsaikai, Zaidanhōjin (1959a). Zaidanhōjin Testudō Kōsaikai 財団法人鉄道弘済会. Shintai Shōgaisha Hukushi Yōran 身体障害者福祉要覧 (The Welfare Survey of the Person with Disability). Tokyo: Testudō Kōsaikai Gyōmubu.Google Scholar
Testudō Kōsaikai, Zaidanhōjin (1959b) Zaidanhōjin Testudō Kōsaikai 財団法人鉄道弘済会. Asunaro, No. 52 あすなろ, No .52 (Hiba Arborvitae, No. 52). Tokyo: Zaidanhōjin Testudō Kōsaikai.Google Scholar
Testudō Kōsaikai, Zaidanhōjin (1970). Zaidanhōjin Testudō Kōsaikai 財団法人鉄道弘済会. Nippon Kokuyū Tetsudō Kankei Shintaishōgaisha no Jittutai 日本国有鉄道関係身体障害者の実態 (The Actual Conditions of the Disabled Person in Japanese National Railways). Tokyo: Zaidanhōjin Testudō Kōsaikai.Google Scholar
Testudō Kōsaikai, Zaidanhōjin (1983). Zaidanhōjin Testudō Kōsaikai 財団法人鉄道弘済会. Gojyūnenshi Testudō Kōsaikai 五十年史鉄道弘済会 (The History of 50 Years of Testudō Kōsaikai). Tokyo: Zaidanhōjin Testudō Kōsaikai.Google Scholar
Testudō Kōsaikai Gyōmubu (1948). Testudō Kōsaikai Gyōmubu 鉄道弘済会業務部. Kaihō, Nana Gō 会報 7号 (The Reports). Tokyo: Testudō Kōsaikai Gyōmubu.Google Scholar
Testudō Kōsaikai Gyōmubu (1948–1949). Testudō Kōsaikai Gyōmubu 鉄道弘済会業務部. Gyōmu Nyūsu 業務ニュース (The Business News). Tokyo: Testudō Kōsaikai Gyōmubu, October 1948 (No. 3), November 1948 (No. 4) and March 1949 (No. 8).Google Scholar
Yamada, Akira (2013). Yamada, Akira 山田明. Nippon no Syōgaisya 日本の障害者 (The Japanese Disabled People). Tokyo: Akashisyobō.Google Scholar
Yoshino, Yumiko (2007). Yoshino, Yumiko 吉野由美子. “Shōgaisha Fukushi”, 障害者福祉 (Welfare for Person with Disability). In Nippon Syakai Fukushi-shi: Meiji Kara Syōwa Senzenki Madeno Bunyabetsu Keiseishi 日本社会福祉史：明治期から昭和戦前期までの分野別形成史 (The History of Japanese Social Welfare: From Meiji to Shōwa Prewar Period), eds Imura, Keizō 井村圭壮 and Fujiwara, Masanori 藤原正範. Tokyo: Keisōsyobō.Google Scholar
Zenkoku Testudō Kōsyōsya Dantai Rengōkai (1949). Zenkoku Testudō Kōsyōsya Dantai Rengōkai 全国鉄道公傷者団体連合会 (The Association of Japan Disabled Railways Worker). Rengōkai Kaihō, dai Ichi gō 連合会々報, 第 1 号 (The Bulletin of Association). Tokyo: Zenkoku Testudō Kōsyōsya Dantai Rengōkai.Google Scholar