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Interaction of forsterite-91 with distilled water and artificial seawater: a prebiotic chemistry experiment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 February 2013

Cláudio M. D. de Souza ,
Cristine E. A. Carneiro ,
João Paulo T. Baú ,
Antonio C. S. da Costa ,
Flávio F. Ivashita ,
Andrea Paesano Jr ,
Eduardo di Mauro ,
Henrique de Santana ,
Nils G. Holm  and
Anna Neubeck
...Show all authors
Cláudio M. D. de Souza
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Química Prebiótica, Departamento de Química-CCE, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil e-mail: damzaia@uel.br
Cristine E. A. Carneiro
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Química Prebiótica, Departamento de Química-CCE, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil e-mail: damzaia@uel.br
João Paulo T. Baú
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Química Prebiótica, Departamento de Química-CCE, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil e-mail: damzaia@uel.br
Antonio C. S. da Costa
Affiliation:
Departamento de Agronomia-CCA, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
Flávio F. Ivashita
Affiliation:
Departamento de Física-CCE, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
Andrea Paesano Jr
Affiliation:
Departamento de Física-CCE, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
Eduardo di Mauro
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Fluorescência e Ressonância Paramagnética Eletrônica (LAFLURPE)-CCE, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil
Henrique de Santana
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Química Prebiótica, Departamento de Química-CCE, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil e-mail: damzaia@uel.br
Nils G. Holm
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Anna Neubeck
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Cássia T. B. V. Zaia
Affiliation:
Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas-CCB, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil
Dimas A. M. Zaia*
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Química Prebiótica, Departamento de Química-CCE, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil e-mail: damzaia@uel.br
*
e-mail: damzaia@uel.br
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Abstract

In the present work, the interactions between forsterite-91 with distilled water and forsterite-91 with artificial seawater were studied at two pHs (2.0 and 8.0) using different techniques. A large increase in pH was observed for samples incubated at an initially acidic pH (2.0) due to the dissolution of forsterite-91 in distilled water and artificial seawater. Thus, in acidic hydrothermal vents, an increase in the amount of hydrocarbons and magnetite should be expected due to the release of Fe(II). The pHPZC decreased and the pHIEP increased when forsterite-91 was treated with distilled water and artificial seawater. The ions from the artificial seawater had an effect on zeta potential. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and X-ray diffractograms showed halite in the samples of forsterite-91 mixed with artificial seawater. The presence of halite or adsorption of ions on the surface of forsterite-91 could affect the synthesis of magnetite and hydrocarbons in hydrothermal vents, due to a decrease in the dissolution rates of forsterite-91. The dissolution of forsterite-91 yields low concentrations of Fe(III) and Mn(II) as detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Microanalysis of forsterite-91 showed a higher amount of Mn, with an oxidation that was likely not +II, as Mn in supernatant solutions was only detected by EPR spectroscopy after mixing with artificial seawater at pH 2.0. As Fe(III) and Mn(II) are catalyst constituents of magnetite and manganese oxide, respectively, their presence is important for synthesis in hydrothermal vents. Etch pits were observed only in the forsterite-91 sample mixed with distilled water at pH 8.0. Na, Cl, S, Ca and K were detected in the samples mixed with artificial seawater by SEM–EDS. Si, Mg, Fe and Al were detected in almost all supernatant samples due to forsterite-91 dissolution. Cr was not dissolved in the experiments, thus Cr in the mineral could serve as an effective catalyst for Fischer Tropsch Types (FTT) reactions in hydrothermal vent systems. X-ray diffractograms of the original forsterite-91 also showed peaks arising from zeolites and clinochlore. After the samples were treated with artificial seawater, X-ray diffractograms showed the dissolution of zeolite. Experiments should be performed in the natural environment to verify the potential for zeolites to act as a catalyst in hydrothermal vents.

Keywords

forsterite-91olivineprebiotic chemistryseawater
Type
Research Article
Information
International Journal of Astrobiology , Volume 12 , Issue 2 , April 2013 , pp. 135 - 143
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013

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