Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T18:33:17.978Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Museums and Cultural Property: A Retreat from the Internationalist Approach

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 August 2005

Robert Hallman
Affiliation:
Stanford University Law School. Email: rhallman@gmail.com

Abstract

Responding to J. H. Merryman's discussion of cultural property internationalism in the preceding IJCP issue, this article examines the currency of the internationalist perspective within the museum community. Perhaps surprisingly, there is little evidence of adherence to an internationalist perspective, at least among the official policies and publications of museums and museum organizations. The article proposes that the current dissociation with cultural internationalism in the acquisitions arena signals an important shift, and bears significant long-term consequences for many museums.

Type
RESPONSE ARTICLES
Copyright
© 2005 International Cultural Property Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

AAM. Statement on Cultural Property. Jan. 19, 1999. 〈http://www.aam-us.org/hottopics.cfm?mode=list&id=15〉
AAM. Code of Ethics for Museums. 2000. 〈http://www.aam-us.org/aamcoe.cfm〉.
AAMD. Art Museums and the International Exchange of Cultural Artifacts. January 2002. 〈http://www.aamd.org/pdfs/Cultural%20Property.pdf〉
AAMD. Report of the AAMD Task Force on the Acquisition of Archaeological Materials and Ancient Art. June 10, 2004. 〈http://www.aamd.org/papers/documents/June10FinalTaskForceReport_001.pdf〉
AAMD. Testimony to CPAC on Colombian Art and Artifacts. September 9, 2004. 〈http://www.aamd.org/advocacy/documents/ColombianTestimonySept.041_000.doc〉
Anderson, Maxwell. “Art Market Challenges for American Museums.” In Thinking About the Elgin Marbles: Critical Essays on Cultural Property, Art and Law, 2514. Boston: Kluwer Law International, 2000.
Baker, Alexi Shannon. “Selling the Past: United States v. Frederick Schultz.” Archaeology ( 22 April 2002). 〈http://www.archaeology.org/online/features/schultz/〉Google Scholar
Brodie, Neil, Jenny Doole, and Peter Watson. Stealing History: The Illicit Trade in Cultural Material. London: The McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 2000.
Coggins, Clemency Chase. “A Proposal for Museum Acquisition Policies in the Future.” International Journal of Cultural Property 7 (1998), 43437.Google Scholar
Cuno, James. “U.S. Art Museums and Cultural Property.” Connecticut Journal of International Law 16 (2001), 18996. 〈http://www.culturalpolicycouncil.org/readings/CunoUSMuseumsCulturalProperty.htm〉Google Scholar
Davies, Maurice. “UK Museums Association Talks in Athens on Repatriation.” 〈http://www.museumsaustralia.org.au/hottopics/davies_repat.html〉
Declaration on the Importance and Value of Universal Museums. December 2002. 〈http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/newsroom/current2003/universalmuseums.html〉
Eakin, Hugh. “Debating ‘Illegal Archeology.’ARTNews, (September 2003). 〈http://www.artnewsonline.com/pastarticle.cfm?art_id=1400〉Google Scholar
Gerstenblith, Patty. Art, Cultural Heritage, and the Law: Cases and Materials. Durham (NC): Carolina Academic Press, 2004.
Gerstenblith, Patty. “Museums, the Market and Antiquities.” University of Chicago Cultural Policy Workshop: Property Rights and Museum Practice. Paper presented March 2, 2000. 〈http://culturalpolicy.uchicago.edu/workshop/gerstenblith.html〉
Gerstenblith, Patty. “The McClain/Schultz Doctrine: Another Step Against Trade in Stolen Antiquities.” Culture Without Context 13, Autumn 2003.Google Scholar
Getty Conservation Institute. “The Recovery of Antiquities: A Conversation with Engin Özgen.” Getty Conservation Institute Newsletter 13.1, Spring 1998. 〈http://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications/newsletters/13_1/profile1.html〉Google Scholar
Gryseels, Guido. “Assuming our Responsibilities in the Present.” ICOM News 57, February 2004. 〈http://palimpsest.stanford.edu/icom/universal.html〉Google Scholar
Harvard University Museums. “General Principles Governing Acquisition.” June 21, 1971. 〈http://icom.museum/acquisition.html〉
Hofstadter, Dan. “Annals of the Antiquities Trade: The Angel on her Shoulder, I-II.” The New Yorker ( 20 July 1992).
ICOM. Ethics of Acquisitions. 1970. 〈http://icom.museum/acquisition.html〉
ICOM. Arusha Appeal: Workshop on the Illicit Traffic of Cultural Property (28–9 September 1993). 〈http://icom.museum/arusha.html〉
ICOM. Declaration of Cuenca: Workshop on the Illicit Traffic of Cultural Property (10–5 September 1995). 〈http://icom.museum/cuenca.html〉
ICOM. Fighting the Illicit Traffic of Cultural Property. nd. 〈http://icom.museum/traffic.html〉
ICOM. “Repatriation of Cultural Property.” Press Release (13 December 2002). 〈http://icom.museum/release.13-12-02.html〉
ICOM. Code of Ethics for Museums. (Amended 8 October 2004). 〈http://icom.museum/ethics.html〉
Kaye, Lawrence M.Art Wars: The Repatriation Battle.” NYU Journal of International Law and Politics 31 (1998), 7994.Google Scholar
Lewis, Geoffrey. “The Universal Museum: a Special Case?ICOM News 57 (February 2004). 〈http://palimpsest.stanford.edu/icom/universal.html〉Google Scholar
Leyten, Harrie. “Return—Restitution—Repatriation: A tradition of non-cooperation.” ICME News 34 ( February 2003).Google Scholar
Lowry, Glenn D.Cultural Property: A Museum Director's Perspective.” International Journal of Cultural Property 7 (1998): 43845.Google Scholar
Merryman, John Henry. “Two Ways of Thinking About Cultural Property.” American Journal of International Law 80 (1986): 83153.Google Scholar
Merryman, John Henry. “The Free International Movement of Cultural Property.” New York University Journal of International Law and Politics 31 (1998): 114. Reprinted in Merryman, Thinking About the Elgin Marbles: Critical Essays on Cultural Property, Art and Law (2000): 300–311.Google Scholar
Merryman, John Henry. “Cultural Property Internationalism.” International Journal of Cultural Property 12 (2005): 1139.Google Scholar
Noble, Joseph Veach. “International museum exchanges as an instrument of mutual enrichment between cultures.” In Museum and Cultural Exchange. The Papers From the Eleventh General Conference of ICOM. Paris: ICOM, 1977.
O'Keefe, Patrick J.Museum acquisitions policies and the 1970 UNESCO Convention.” Museum International 197 (1998).Google Scholar
O'Neill, Mark. “Enlightenment Museums: Universal or Merely Global?Museum and Society (November 2004): 190202.Google Scholar
Papageorge Kouroupas, Maria. “Illicit Trade in Cultural Objects.” Getty Conservation Institute Newsletter 13.1 (Spring 1998). 〈http://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications/newsletters/13_1/feature1.html〉Google Scholar
Shapreau, Carla J.Second Circuit Holds that False Statements Contained in Customs Forms Warrant Forfeiture of Ancient Gold Phiale—Hotly Contested Foreign Patrimony Issue Not Reached by the Court: United States v. An Antique Platter of Gold.” International Journal of Cultural Property 9 (2000): 49137.Google Scholar
Stoll, Michael. “Whose Art Is This, Anyway?San Francisco Magazine (May 2004), 88139.
UKMA. Buying in the Market: A Checklist for Museums. 2000. 〈http://www.museumsassociation.org/asset_arena/text/et/buying_in_the_market.pdf〉
UKMA. Code of Ethics for Museums. 2002. 〈http://www.museumsassociation.org/asset_arena/text/cs/code_of_ethics.pdf〉
Wilkie, Nancy C.From the President: Landmark Decision.” Archaeology 55 (May/June 2002). 〈http://www.archaeology.org/0205/etc/president.html〉Google Scholar