Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T07:59:13.364Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Ionising radiation metrology for the metallurgicalindustry

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 November 2014

E. García-Toraño*
Affiliation:
CIEMAT – Laboratorio de Metrología de Radiaciones Ionizantes, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
F. Tzika
Affiliation:
EC-JRC-IRMM – European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, 2440 Geel, Belgium
O. Burda
Affiliation:
PTB – Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
V. Peyrés
Affiliation:
CIEMAT – Laboratorio de Metrología de Radiaciones Ionizantes, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
M. Mejuto
Affiliation:
CIEMAT – Laboratorio de Metrología de Radiaciones Ionizantes, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
T. Crespo
Affiliation:
CIEMAT – Laboratorio de Metrología de Radiaciones Ionizantes, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
U. Wätjen
Affiliation:
EC-JRC-IRMM – European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, 2440 Geel, Belgium
D. Arnold
Affiliation:
PTB – Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
V. Sochor
Affiliation:
CM – Cesky Metrologicky Institut, Brno, Czech Republic
A. Svec
Affiliation:
SMU – Slovenský Metrologický Ústav, Bratislava, Slovakia
P. Carconi
Affiliation:
ENEA – Istituto Nazionale di Metrologia delle Radiazioni Ionizzanti, Rome, Italy
P. de Felice
Affiliation:
ENEA – Istituto Nazionale di Metrologia delle Radiazioni Ionizzanti, Rome, Italy
J. Tecl
Affiliation:
ENVINET – shareholding company, Trebic, Czech Republic
*
Correspondence:e.garciatorano@ciemat.es
Get access

Abstract

Every year millions tons of steel are produced worldwide from recycled scrap loads.Although the detection systems in the steelworks prevent most orphan radioactive sourcesfrom entering the furnace, there is still the possibility of accidentally melting aradioactive source. The MetroMetal project, carried out in the frame of the EuropeanMetrology Research Programme (EMRP), addresses this problem by studying the existingmeasurement systems, developing sets of reference sources in various matrices (cast steel,slag, fume dust) and proposing new detection instruments. This paper presents the keylines of the project and describes the preparation of radioactive sources as well as theintercomparison exercises used to test the calibration and correction methods proposedwithin the project.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© EDP Sciences 2014

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

World Steel Association, http://www.worldsteel.org
Harvey, D.S., Baldry, K., Bishop, A., Radiation safety following accidental melting of radioactive sources at steelplants. Rev. Metall. 101, 285289 (2004) CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Das, B., Prakash, S., Reddy, P.S.R., Misra, V.N., An overview of utilization of slag and sludge from steel industries, Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 50, 4057 (2007) CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ionising radiation metrology for the metallurgical industry, http://projects.ciemat.es/web/metrometal
EMRP, European Research Metrology Programme, http://www.emrponline.eu/
UNECE, EC, IAEA, Report on the Improvement of the Management of Radiation Protection Aspects in the Recycling of Metal Scrap. ECE/TRADE/278, 2001
K. Baldry, D.S. Harvey, A. Bishop, Accidental Melting of Radioactive Sources, Proceedings of IRPA 11 (Madrid, 2011)
ISO, Certification of reference materials, General and statistical principles, Guide 35. Int. Organ. Stand., Geneva, Switzerland (2006)
ISO, General requirements for the competence of reference material producer – Guide 34. Int. Organ. Stand., Geneva, Switzerland (2000)
Sahagia, M., Luca, A., Mãrgineanu, R.M., Navarro, N., Peyrés, V., Pérez López, B., Garcia-Toraño, E., Suárez-Navarro, J.A., Determination of the content of natural radionuclides in furnace slag used for the preparation of standard sources. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 298, 20372042 (2013) CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shakhashiro, A., Gondin da Fonseca Azeredo, A.M., Sansone, U., Fajgelj, A., Matrix materials for proficiency testing: optimization of a procedure for spiking soil with gamma-emitting nuclides. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 387, 25092515 (2007) CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mejuto, M., Crespo, M.T., García-Toraño, E., Peyrés, V., Roteta, M., Pérez del Villar, L., Preparation and characterization of a 226Ra spiked slag as reference material for radioactive control of steelworks, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 94, 166174 (2014) CrossRefGoogle Scholar
S. Pommé, Determination of a reference value, associated standard uncertainty and degrees of equivalence, JRC Scientific and Policy report EUR 25355 EN, 2012, ISBN 978-92-79-25104-7
ISO, ISO/IEC 13528, Statistical methods for use in proficiency testing by interlaboratory comparisons. Int. Organ. Stand., Geneva, Switzerland (2005)