Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T14:09:03.416Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Cutoff manipulation of anisotropic reactance lining in circular waveguides

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 December 2018

Zhangjie Luo Open the ORCID record for Zhangjie Luo [Opens in a new window] ,
Tie Jun Cui  and
Hui Feng Ma
Zhangjie Luo*
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
Tie Jun Cui
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
Hui Feng Ma
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
*
Author for correspondence: Zhangjie Luo, E-mail: zhangjie_luo_cn@126.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The control of cutoffs is of great interest in designs of circular waveguides. In this paper, this topic is investigated for pure transverse-electric (TE) and transverse-magnetic (TM) modes by taking advantage of anisotropic reactance lining loadings. It is found that the cutoffs of TE and TM modes are determined by the reactance in the azimuthal and axial directions, respectively. When the reactance values are positive, the cutoff frequencies are lower than those of a normal conducting waveguide with the same cross-section. However, in contrast to the claim made in the previous literature that the negative reactance values caused the same reducing effect on the cutoffs as the positive values did, the cutoffs are found to be increased by the negative reactances. The theoretical results are validated by the simulations using commercial software, where a delicate model with an approximate curved anisotropic impedance boundary is proposed for the first time. By lowering the TE cutoffs and raising the TM ones, some intriguing applications, such as single-mode bandwidth extension and degenerate mode avoidance, are predicted, which would pave a way for designs of novel waveguide devices.

Keywords

Circular waveguidecutoff frequencyanisotropic reactance boundarysingle-mode bandwidthmode degeneration avoidance
Type
Research Papers
Information
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies , Volume 11 , Issue 4 , May 2019 , pp. 334 - 340
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and the European Microwave Association 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Pozar, DM (2005) Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edn. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Google Scholar
2.Rovetta, D, Bosisio, AV and Drufuca, G (2006) Propagation constant of HE11 mode near the cutoff frequency in a circular waveguide. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 16, 314–316.Google Scholar
3.Tsogkas, GD, Roumeliotis, JA and Savaidis, SP (2009) Cutoff wavelengths of elliptical metallic waveguides. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 57, 2406–2415.Google Scholar
4.Faouri, YS, Ragheb, HA and Iqbal, SS (2015) Cutoff properties of a circular waveguide loaded with two eccentric dielectric cylinders. Electromagnetics 35, 112–123.Google Scholar
5.Meier, PJ and Wheeler, HA (1964) Dielectric-lined circular waveguide with increased usable bandwidth. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 12, 171–175.Google Scholar
6.Tsandoulas, GN (1973) Bandwidth enhancement in dielectric-lined circular waveguides. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 21, 651–654.Google Scholar
7.Qiu, D, Klymyshyn, DM and Pramanick, P (2002) Ridged waveguide structures with improved fundamental mode cutoff wavelength and bandwidth characteristics. International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering 12, 190–197.Google Scholar
8.Sun, W and Balanis, CA (1994) Analysis and design of quadruple-ridged waveguides. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 42, 2201–2207.Google Scholar
9.Amari, S and Carteux, S (1988) Analysis of ridged circular waveguide by the coupled integral equations techniques. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 46, 479–493.Google Scholar
10.Denisov, GG, Kuzikov, SV, Sobolev, DI and Vikharev, AA (2006) New TE01 waveguide bends. Joint 31st International Conference on Infrared Millimeter Waves and 14th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics, Shanghai.Google Scholar
11.Shcherbinin, VI, Zaginaylov, GI and Tkachenko, VI (2016) Cavity with distributed dielectric coating for subterahertz second-harmonic gyrotron. Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. No 6. Series: Plasma Physics 106, 255–258.Google Scholar
12.Shcherbinin, VI and Tkachenko, VI (2017) Cylindrical cavity with distributed longitudinal corrugations for second harmonic gyrotron. Journal of Infrared And Millimeter Terahertz Waves 38, 838–852.Google Scholar
13.Cui, TJ (2018) Microwave metamaterials. National Science Review 5, 134–136.Google Scholar
14.Cui, TJ, Qi, MQ, Wan, X, Zhao, J and Cheng, Q (2014) Coding metamaterials, digital metamaterials and programmable metamaterials. Light: Science & Applications 3, e218.Google Scholar
15.Cui, TJ, Liu, S and Zhang, L (2017) Information metamaterials and metasurfaces. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 5, 3644.Google Scholar
16.Cui, TJ, Liu, S and Li, L (2016) Information entropy of coding metasurface. Light: Science & Applications 5, e16172.Google Scholar
17.Li, M, Xiao, S-Q and Sievenpiper, DF (2016) Polarization-insensitive holographic surfaces with broadside radiation. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 64, 5272–5280.Google Scholar
18.Duan, X, Chen, X and Zhou, L (2016) A metamaterial electromagnetic energy rectifying surface with high harvesting efficiency. AIP Advances 6, 125020.Google Scholar
19.Luo, Z, Chen, X, Long, J, Quarfoth, R and Sievenpiper, D (2015) Nonlinear power-dependent impedance surface. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 63, 1736–1745.Google Scholar
20.Luo, Z, Chen, X, Long, J, Quarfoth, R and Sievenpiper, D (2015) Self-focusing of electromagnetic surface waves on a nonlinear impedance surface. Applied Physics Letters 106, 211106.Google Scholar
21.Luo, Z, Long, J, Chen, X and Sievenpiper, D (2016) Electrically tunable metasurface absorber based on dissipating behavior of embedded varactors. Applied Physics Letters 109, 071107.Google Scholar
22.Li, A, Kim, S, Luo, Y, Li, Y, Long, J and Sievenpiper, DF (2017) High-power transistor-based tunable and switchable metasurface absorber. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 65, 2810–2818.Google Scholar
23.Li, A, Singh, S and Sievenpiper, DF (2018) Metasurfaces and their applications. Nanophotonics 7, 989–1011.Google Scholar
24.Quarfoth, R and Sievenpiper, D (2013) Artificial tensor impedance surface waveguides. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 61, 3597–3606.Google Scholar
25.Luo, Z and Cui, TJ (2018) The development of nonlinear metasurface absorbers: from passive to active. International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, Busan.Google Scholar
26.Li, A, Luo, Z, Wakatsuchi, H, Kim, S and Sievenpiper, DF (2017) Nonlinear, active, and tunable metasurfaces for advanced electromagnetics applications. IEEE Access 5, 27439–27452.Google Scholar
27.Brand, GF (2009) Dispersion relations for cylindrical waveguides with metamaterial linings. International Journal of Electronics 96, 99–107.Google Scholar
28.Pollock, JG and Iyer, AK (2013) Below-cutoff propagation in metamaterial-lined circular waveguides. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 61, 3169–3178.Google Scholar
29.Pollock, JG and Iyer, AK (2016) Experimental verification of below-cutoff propagation in miniaturized circular waveguides using anisotropic ENNZ metamaterial liners. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 64, 1297–1305.Google Scholar
30.Elsherbeni, AZ, Stanier, J and Hamid, M (1988) Eigenvalues of propagating waves in a circular waveguide with an impedance wall. IEEE Proceedings H 135, 23–26.Google Scholar
31.Shcherbinin, VI, Zaginaylov, GI and Tkachenko, VI (2015) HE and EH hybrid waves in a circular dielectric waveguide with an anisotropic impedance surface. Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. Plasma Electronics and New Methods of Acceleration 98, 89–93.Google Scholar
32.Shcherbinin, VI, Zaginaylov, GI and Tkachenko, VI (2017) Analogy between circular core-cladding and impedance waveguides and their membrane functions. Progress in Electromagnetic Research M 53, 111–120.Google Scholar
33.Thomas, BM and Minnett, HC (1978) Modes of propagation in cylindrical waveguides with anisotropic walls. Proceedings IEEE 125, 929–932.Google Scholar
34.Raveu, N, Byrne, B, Claudepierre, L and Capet, N (2016) Modal theory for waveguides with anisotropic surface impedance boundaries. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 64, 1153–1162.Google Scholar
35.Fong, BH, Colburn, JS, Ottusch, JJ, Visher, JL and Sievenpiper, DF (2010) Scalar and tensor holographic artificial impedance surfaces. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 58, 3212–3221.Google Scholar
36.Gok, G and Grbic, A (2013) A printed beam-shifting slab designed using tensor transmission-line metamaterials. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 61, 728–734.Google Scholar
37.Elek, F, Tierney, BB and Grbic, A (2015) Synthesis of tensor impedance surfaces to control phase and power flow of guided waves. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 63, 3956–3962.Google Scholar
38.Quarfoth, R and Sievenpiper, D (2014) Surface wave scattering reduction using beam shifters. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 13, 963–966.Google Scholar
39.Quarfoth, R and Sievenpiper, D (2014) Broadband unit-cell design for highly anisotropic impedance surfaces. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 62, 4143–4152.Google Scholar
40.Quarfoth, R and Sievenpiper, D (2015) Alteration of electromagnetic scattering using hard and soft anisotropic impedance surfaces. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 63, 4593–4599.Google Scholar
41.Hou, H, Long, J, Wang, J and Sievenpiper, D (2017) Reduced electromagnetic edge scattering using inhomogeneous anisotropic impedance surfaces. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 65, 1193–1201.Google Scholar
42.Minatti, G, Faenzi, M, Martini, E, Caminita, F, Vita, PD, González-Ovejero, D, Sabbadini, M and Maci, S (2015) Modulated metasurface antennas for space: synthesis, analysis and realizations. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 63, 1288–1300.Google Scholar
43.Selvanayagam, M and Eleftheriades, GV (2016) Design and measurement of tensor impedance transmit arrays for chiral polarization control. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 64, 414–428.Google Scholar
44.Li, M, Xiao, S-Q and Sievenpiper, DF (2016) Surface waveguides supporting both TM mode and TE mode with the same phase velocity. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 64, 3811–3819.Google Scholar