Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-11T06:59:45.177Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A review of radar signals in terms of Doppler tolerance, time-sidelobe level, and immunity against jamming

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 August 2018

Samer Baher Safa Hanbali Open the ORCID record for Samer Baher Safa Hanbali [Opens in a new window]
Samer Baher Safa Hanbali*
Affiliation:
Department of Communication Engineering, Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Damascus, Syria
*
Author for correspondence: S. Baher Safa Hanbali, E-mail: samer.hanbali@hiast.edu.sy
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Pulse compression technique allows a radar to achieve the resolution of a short pulse and the energy of a long pulse simultaneously, without the requirement of high-power transmission. Therefore, pulse compression radars have a low probability of intercept capability. The common types of pulse compression signals are frequency modulated waveforms and phase-coded waveforms, which have different properties. The optimum radar signal should have good immunity against deceptive jamming, good Doppler tolerance to detect high-speed targets, and low time-sidelobe level to detect weak targets nearby the strong ones. This paper reviews the current research in the commonly used radar signals, and presents their pros and cons, and compares between them in terms of Doppler tolerance, time-sidelobe level, as well as immunity against jamming in order to provide a reference for the researchers in the field of radar systems and electronic warfare.

Keywords

Anti-jammingDoppler tolerancejammingradar signalstime-sidelobe level
Type
Tutorial and Review Paper
Information
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies , Volume 10 , Issue 10 , December 2018 , pp. 1134 - 1142
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and the European Microwave Association 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Skolnik, M (2008) Radar Handbook, 3rd Edn., McGraw-Hill, ISBN: 978-0071485470.Google Scholar
2.David, A (ed.), (2015) Radar in Meteorology: Battan Memorial and 40th Anniversary Radar Meteorology Conference, Springer.Google Scholar
3.Stimson, GW, Griffiths, H, Baker, C and Adamy, D (2014) Introduction to Airborne Radar, 3rd Edn., Edison, NJ: SciTech Publishing, chapter 4.Google Scholar
4.Curtis Schleher, D (1999) Electronic Warfare in the Information Age, Boston-London: Artech House.Google Scholar
5.Richards, MA (2014)Fundamentals of Radar Signal Processing, 2nd Edn. New York: McGraw-Hill, ISBN:978-0-07-179833-4.Google Scholar
6.Yong, Y, Zhang, W-M and Yang, J-H (2009) Study on frequency-shifting jamming to linear frequency modulation pulse compression radars. In: Wireless Communications and Signal Processing, Nanjing, China: IEEE, pp. 1–5.Google Scholar
7.Wang, XS, Liu, JC, Zhang, WM, Fu, QX, Liu, Z and Xie, XX (2007) Mathematic principles of interrupted-sampling repeater jamming (ISRJ). Science China Information Sciences, Series F 50, 113–123.Google Scholar
8.Li, CZ, Su, WM, Gu, H, Ma, C and Chen, JL (2014) Improved interrupted sampling repeater jamming based on DRFM, in Signal Processing, Communications and Computing (ICSPCC), 2014 IEEE International Conference, IEEE, pp 254–257.Google Scholar
9.Feng, D, Xu, L, Wang, W and Yang, H (2014) Radar echo cancellation using interrupted-sampling repeater. IEICE Electronics Express 11, 1–6.Google Scholar
10.Baher Safa Hanbali, S and Kastantin, R (2017) A review of self-protection deceptive jamming against chirp radars. International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 9,1853–1861.Google Scholar
11.Baher Safa Hanbali, S and Kastantin, R (2017) Countering a self-protection frequency shifting jamming against LFM pulse compression radars. International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 63, 145–150.Google Scholar
12.Baher Safa Hanbali, S and Kastantin, R (2017) Fractional Fourier transform-based chirp radars for countering self-protection frequency-shifting jammers. International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 9, 1687–1693.Google Scholar
13.Gong, S, Wei, X and Li, X (2014) ECCM scheme against interrupted sampling repeater jammer based on time-frequency analysis. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 25, 996–1003.Google Scholar
14.Baher Safa Hanbali, S and Kastantin, R (2017) Technique to counter active echo cancellation of self-protection ISRJ. Electronics Letters 53, 680–681.Google Scholar
15.O'Donnell, RM (2009) Radar Systems Course [Online]. Available: http://aess.cs.unh.edu/, IEEE New Hampshire Section.Google Scholar
16.Feng, D, TAO, H, YANG, Y and LIU, Z (2012) Jamming de-chirping radar using interrupted-sampling repeater. SCIENTIA SINICA Informationis 42, 186–195.Google Scholar
17.Xu, L, Feng, D, Liu, Y, Pan, X and Wang, X (2015) A three-stage active cancellation method against synthetic aperture radar. IEEE Sensors Journal 15, 6173–6178.Google Scholar
18.Wu, Q, Liu, J, Wang, J, Zhao, F and Xiao, S (2018) Improved Active Echo Cancellation against Synthetic Aperture Radar Based on Nonperiodic Interrupted Sampling Modulation. IEEE Sensors Journal 18, 4453–4461.Google Scholar
19.Yi, M and Wang, L (Huang, J (2015) Active cancellation analysis based on the radar detection probability. Aerospace Science and Technology 46, 273–281.Google Scholar
20.Jankiraman, M (2007) Design of Multi-Frequency CW Radars. Raleigh, NC: SciTech Publishing Inc. ISBN: 978-1891121562.Google Scholar
21.Touati, N, Tatkeu, C, Chonavel, T and Rivenq, A (2016) Design and performances evaluation of new Costas-based radar waveforms with pulse coding diversity. IET Radar, Sonar and Navigation 10, 877–891.Google Scholar
22.Davis, RM, Fante, RL and Perry, RP (2007) Phase-coded waveforms for radar. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 43, 401–408.Google Scholar
23.Lunden, J, Terho, L and Koivunen, V (2005) Waveform recognition in pulse compression radar systems. In 2005 IEEE Workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Processing. Mystic (CT, USA), pp. 271–276.Google Scholar
24.Lunden, J and Koivunen, V (2007) Automatic radar waveform recognition. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing 1, 124–136.Google Scholar
25.Jiang, L, LI, L and Zhao, GQ (2016) Polyphase coded low probability of intercept signals detection and estimation using time-frequency rate distribution. IET Signal Processing 10, 46–54.Google Scholar
26.Baher Safa Hanbali, S and Kastantin, R (2017) Automatic Modulation Classification of LFM and Polyphase-coded Radar Signals. Radioengineering 26, 1118–1125.Google Scholar
27.Pace, PE (2009) Detecting and Classifying Low Probability of Intercept Radar, 2nd Edn. Boston and London: Artech House.Google Scholar
28.Deng, H (2004) Polyphase code design for orthogonal netted radar systems. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 52, 3126–3135.Google Scholar
29.Singh, SP and Rao, KS (2006) Polyphase coded signal design for netted radar systems. In Radar, 2006. CIE'06. International Conference, IEEE, pp. 1–4.Google Scholar
30.Khan, HA, Zhang, Y, Ji, C, Stevens, CJ, Edwards, DJ and O'Brien, D (2006) Optimizing polyphase sequences for orthogonal netted radar. IEEE Signal Processing Letters 13, 589–592.Google Scholar
31.Zhao, Z and Shi, XQ (2008) Doppler compensation for orthogonal netted radar systems. In Signal Processing, ICSP 2008. 9th IEEE International Conference, pp. 2246–2249.Google Scholar
32.Wenwu, C, Zhengyu, C, Rushan, C and Zhao, Z (2010) Optimizing polyphase signals for orthogonal netted radar. In Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology (ICMMT), IEEE International Conference, pp. 1614–1617.Google Scholar
33.Chen, W, Cai, Z, Chen, R and Zhao, Z (2012) Optimizing polyphase sequences for orthogonal netted radar systems. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 23, 529–535.Google Scholar
34.Lellouch, G (2015) Waveform design and processing techniques in OFDM radar, Doctoral dissertation, University of Cape Town.Google Scholar
35.Shi, C, Wang, F, Sellathurai, M and Zhou, J (2017) Low probability of intercept based multicarrier radar jamming power allocation for joint radar and wireless communications systems. IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation] 11, 802–811.Google Scholar
36.Franken, GEA, Nikookar, H and Van Genderen, P (2006) Doppler tolerance of OFDM-coded radar signals. In3rd European Radar Conference, IEEE. EuRAD 2006, pp. 108–111.Google Scholar
37.Sturm, C, Zwick, T and Wiesbeck, W (2009) An OFDM system concept for joint radar and communications operations. In 69th Vehicular Technology Conference, IEEE. VTC Spring 2009, pp. 1–5.Google Scholar
38.Lellouch, G and Nikookar, H (2007) On the capability of a radar network to support communications. In 14th IEEE Symposium, Communications and Vehicular Technology in the Benelux, pp. 1–5.Google Scholar
39.Sturm, C, Pancera, E, Zwick, T and Wiesbeck, W (2009) A novel approach to OFDM radar processing. In Radar Conference, IEEE, pp. 1–4.Google Scholar
40.Tian, X and Song, Z (2017) On radar and communication integrated system using OFDM signal. In Radar Conference (RadarConf), IEEE, pp. 0318–0323.Google Scholar
41.Lellouch, G, Tran, P and Pribic, R et al. (2008) OFDM waveforms for frequency agility and opportunities for Doppler processing in radar. Proceedings of IEEE Radar Conference, Rome, Italy, pp. 1–6.Google Scholar
42.Huang, KW, Bica, M, Mitra, U and Koivunen, V (2015) Radar waveform design in spectrum sharing environment: Coexistence and cognition. In Radar Conference (RadarCon), IEEE, pp. 1698–1703.Google Scholar
43.Bica, M, Huang, KW, Mitra, U and Koivunen, V (2015) Opportunistic radar waveform design in joint radar and cellular communication systems. In Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), IEEE, pp. 1–7.Google Scholar
44.Bica, M, Huang, KW, Koivunen, V and Mitra, U (2016) Mutual information based radar waveform design for joint radar and cellular communication systems. In Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), IEEE International Conference. pp. 3671–3675.Google Scholar
45.Berger, CR, Demissie, B, Heckenbach, J, Willett, P and Zhou, S (2010) Signal processing for passive radar using OFDM waveforms, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing 4, 226–238.Google Scholar
46.Wang, Z, Krasnov, OA, Ligthart, LP and van der Zwan, F (2010) FPGA based IF digital receiver for the PARSAX-Polarimetric agile radar. In Microwave Radar and Wireless Communications (MIKON), 18th International Conference , pp. 1–4.Google Scholar
47.Liu, GS, Gu, H, Su, WM, Sun, HB and Zhang, JH (2002) Random signal radar-a winner in both the military and civilian operating environments. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 39, 489–498.Google Scholar
48.Soltanalian, M, Tang, B and Li, J et al. (2013) Joint design of the receive filter and transmit sequence for active sensing, IEEE Transaction on Signal Processing Letters 20, 423–426.Google Scholar
49.Aubry, AA, Maio, AD and Naghsh, MM (2015) Optimizing radar waveform and Doppler filter bank via generalized fractional programming, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing 9, 1387–1399.Google Scholar
50.Wu, H, Song, ZY and Fan, HQ et al. (2015) Joint design of transmitted sequence and receiving filter in the presence of Doppler shifts, Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing 34, 2621–2641.Google Scholar
51.Debatty, T (2010) Software defined RADAR a state of the art. In International Workshop on Cognitive Information Processing (CIP), IEEE, pp. 253–257.Google Scholar