Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T12:51:19.775Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Reactively-loaded non-periodic slow-wave artificial transmission lines for stop band bandwidth enhancement: application to power splitters

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 March 2019

Jan Coromina Open the ORCID record for Jan Coromina [Opens in a new window] ,
Paris Vélez ,
Jordi Bonache ,
Francisco Aznar-Ballesta ,
Armando Fernández-Prieto  and
Ferran Martín
Jan Coromina*
Affiliation:
CIMITEC, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
Paris Vélez
Affiliation:
CIMITEC, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
Jordi Bonache
Affiliation:
CIMITEC, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
Francisco Aznar-Ballesta
Affiliation:
Departamento de Teoría de la Señal y Comunicaciones, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28031 Madrid, Spain
Armando Fernández-Prieto
Affiliation:
Grupo de Microondas, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
Ferran Martín
Affiliation:
CIMITEC, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
*
Author for correspondence: Jan Coromina, E-mail: Jan.Coromina@uab.cat
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This paper presents slow-wave transmission lines based on non-periodic reactive loading. Specifically, the loading elements are stepped impedance shunt stubs (SISS). By sacrificing periodicity using SISS tuned to different frequencies, multiple transmission zeros above the pass band arise, and the rejection level and bandwidth of the stop band is improved as compared with those of periodic structures. Through a proper design, it is possible to achieve compact lines, simultaneously providing the required electrical length and characteristic impedance at the design frequency (dictated by specifications), and efficiently filtering the response at higher frequencies. These lines are applied to the design of a compact power splitter with filtering capability in this work. The length of the splitter, based on a 35.35 Ω impedance inverter, is reduced by a factor of roughly two. Moreover, harmonic suppression better than 20 dB up to the fourth harmonic is achieved.

Keywords

Slow-waveArtificial transmission linesPower splitters
Type
Research Papers
Information
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies , Volume 11 , Special Issue 5-6: EuMW 2018 Special Issue (Part I) , June 2019 , pp. 475 - 481
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and the European Microwave Association 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Wu, K (1999) Slow wave structures. In Webster, JG (ed.) Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, vol. 19, New York: Wiley, pp. 366–381.Google Scholar
2.Martín, F (2015) Artificial Transmission Lines for RF and Microwave Applications. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.Google Scholar
3.Chuang, M-L (2005) Miniaturized ring coupler of arbitrary reduced size. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 15, 16–18.Google Scholar
4.Liao, S-S, Sun, P-T, Chin, N-C and Peng, J-T (2005) A novel compact-size branch-line coupler. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 15, 588–590.Google Scholar
5.Gu, J and Sun, X (2005) Miniaturization and harmonic suppression of branch-line and rat-race hybrid coupler using compensated spiral compact microstrip resonant cell. IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS'05), Los Angeles, CA.Google Scholar
6.Liao, S-S and Peng, J-T (2006) Compact planar microstrip branch-line couplers using the quasi-lumped elements approach with nonsymmetrical and symmetrical T-shaped structure. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 54, 3508–3514.Google Scholar
7.Wang, J, Wang, B-Z, Guo, Y-X, Ong, LC and Xiao, S (2007) A compact slow-wave microstrip branch-line coupler with high performance. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 17, 501–503.Google Scholar
8.Mondal, P and Chakrabarty, A (2009) Design of miniaturised branch-line and rat-race hybrid couplers with harmonics suppression. IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 3, 109–116.Google Scholar
9.Velidi, VK, Patel, B and Sanyal, S (2011) Harmonic suppressed compact wideband branch-line coupler using unequal length open-stub units. International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering 21, 115–119.Google Scholar
10.Koziel, S and Kurgan, P (2014) Low-cost optimization of compact branch-line couplers and its application to miniaturized Butler matrix design. 44th European Microwave Conference, 6–9 October 2014, Rome (Italy), pp. 227–230.Google Scholar
11.Hirota, T, Minakawa, A and Muraguchi, M (1990) Reduced-size branch-line and rat-race hybrids for uniplanar MMIC's. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 38, 270–275.Google Scholar
12.Görür, A (1994) A novel coplanar slow-wave structure. IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters 4, 86–88.Google Scholar
13.Görür, A, Karpuz, C and Alkan, M (1998) Characteristics of periodically loaded CPW structures. IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters 8, 278–280.Google Scholar
14.Singh, RB and Weller, TM (2001) Miniaturized 20 GHz CPW quadrature coupler using capacitive loading. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 30, 3–5.Google Scholar
15.Scardelletti, MC, Ponchak, GE and Weller, TM (2002) Miniaturized Wilkinson power dividers utilizing capacitive loading. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 12, 6–8.Google Scholar
16.Eccleston, KW and Ong, SHM (2003) Compact planar microstripline branch-line and rat-race couplers. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 51, 2119–2125.Google Scholar
17.García-García, J, Bonache, J and Martín, F (2006) Application of electromagnetic bandgaps (EBGs) to the design of ultra wide band pass filters (UWBPFs) with good out-of-band performance. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 54, 4136–4140.Google Scholar
18.Shie, C-I, Cheng, J-C, Chou, S-C and Chiang, Y-C (2009) Transdirectional coupled-line couplers implemented by periodical shunt capacitors. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 57, 2981–2988.Google Scholar
19.Cui, H, Wang, J and Li, J-L (2012) Compact microstrip branch-line coupler with wideband harmonic suppression. ACES Journal 27, 766–771.Google Scholar
20.Orellana, M, Selga, J, Sans, M, Rodríguez, A, Boria, V and Martín, F (2015) Synthesis of slow-wave structures based on capacitive-loaded lines through Aggressive Space Mapping (ASM). International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering 25, 629–638.Google Scholar
21.Selga, J, Vélez, P, Orellana, M, Rodríguez, A, Boria, V and Martín, F (2016) Size reduction and spurious suppression in microstrip coupled line bandpass filters by means of capacitive electromagnetic bandgaps. IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS'16), San Francisco, CA, pp. 22–27. May 2016.Google Scholar
22.Orellana, M, Selga, J, Vélez, P, Rodríguez, A, Boria, V and Martín, F (2017) Design of capacitively-loaded coupled line bandpass filters with compact size and spurious suppression. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 65, 1235–1248.Google Scholar
23.Selga, J, Coromina, J, Vélez, P and Martín, F (2017) Application of electromagnetic bandgaps based on capacitively-loaded lines to the reduction of size and suppression of harmonic bands in microwave devices. IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Numerical Electromagnetic and Multiphysics Modeling and Optimization for RF, Microwave and Terahertz Applications (NEMO), May, 17–19, 2017, Sevilla, Spain.Google Scholar
24.Coromina, J, Selga, J, Vélez, P, Bonache, J and Martín, F (2017) Size reduction and harmonic suppression in branch line couplers implemented by means of capacitively-loaded slow-wave transmission lines. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 59, 2822–2830.Google Scholar
25.Tsai, K-YU, Yang, H-S, Chen, J-H and Chen, Y-JE (2011) A miniaturized 3 dB branch-line hybrid coupler with harmonics suppression. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 21, 537–539.Google Scholar
26.Zhu, L (2004) Guided-wave characteristics of periodic microstrip lines with inductive loading: slow-wave and bandstop behaviors. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 41, 77–79.Google Scholar
27.Lee, S and Lee, Y (2010) Generalized miniaturization method for coupled-line bandpass filters by reactive loading. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 58, 2383–2391.Google Scholar
28.Vélez, P, Selga, J, Bonache, J and Martín, F (2016) Slow-wave inductively-loaded electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission lines and application to compact power dividers. European Microwave Conference, London (UK), 3–7 October 2016.Google Scholar
29.Selga, J, Vélez, P, Bonache, J and Martín, F (2017) EBG-based transmission lines with slow-wave characteristics and application to miniaturization of microwave components. Applied Physics A 123, 44.Google Scholar
30.Mao, S-G and Chen, M-Y (2001) A novel periodic electromagnetic bandgap structure for finite-width conductor-backed coplanar waveguides. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 11, 261–263.Google Scholar
31.Sor, J, Qian, Y and Itoh, T (2001) Miniature low-loss CPW periodic structures for filter applications. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 49, 2336–2341.Google Scholar
32.Liu, HM, Fang, SJ, Wang, ZB and Zhou, Y (2014) Miniaturization of trans-directional coupled line couplers using series inductors. Progress In Electromagnetics Research 46, 171–177.Google Scholar
33.Niembro-Martín, A, Nasserddine, V, Pistono, E, Issa, H, Franc, AL, Vuong, T-P and Ferrari, P (2014) Slow-wave substrate integrated waveguide. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 62, 1625–1633.Google Scholar
34.Morimoto, Y, Waghmare, A, Dhwaj, K and Itoh, T (2016) A compact branch line coupler using novel periodically grounded slow-wave structure, IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS'16), San Francisco, CA, 22–27 May 2016.Google Scholar
35.Selga, J, Vélez, P, Bonache, J and Martín, F (2017) High miniaturization potential of slow-wave transmission lines based on simultaneous inductor and capacitor loading. European Microwave Conference, Nurember, Germany, October 2017.Google Scholar
36.Selga, J, Coromina, J, Vélez, P, Fernández-Prieto, A, Martínez-Ros, AJ, Bonache, J, Aznar-Ballesta, F and Martín, F (2018) Compact power splitter with harmonic suppression based on inductively-loaded slow-wave transmission lines. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 60, 1464–1468.Google Scholar
37.Coromina, J, Selga, J, Vélez, P, Bonache, J and Martín, F (2018) Slow-wave artificial transmission lines based on stepped impedance shunt stub (SISS) loading: analysis and stopband bandwidth enhancement. 48th European Microwave Conference, Madrid, Spain, September, 2018.Google Scholar
38.Selga, J, Vélez, P, Coromina, J, Fernández-Prieto, A, Bonache, J and Martín, F (2018) Harmonic suppression in branch-line couplers based on slow-wave transmission lines with simultaneous inductive and capacitive loading. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 60, 2374–2384.Google Scholar
39.Selga, J, Coromina, J, Vélez, P, Fernández-Prieto, A, Bonache, J and Martín, F (under review) Miniaturized and harmonic-suppressed rat-race couplers based on slow-wave transmission lines. IET Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation.Google Scholar
40.Lopetegi, T, Laso, MAG, Hernández, J, Bacaicoa, M, Benito, D, Garde, MJ, Sorolla, M and Guglielmi, M (2001) New microstrip wiggly-line filters with spurious passband suppression. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 49, 1593–1598.Google Scholar
41.Laso, MAG, Lopetegi, T, Erro, MJ, Benito, D, Garde, MJ, Muriel, MA, Sorolla, M and Guglielmi, M (2003) Real-time spectrum analysis in microstrip technology. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 51, 705–717.Google Scholar
42.Lopetegi, T, Laso, MAG, Falcone, F, Martín, F, Bonache, J, Pérez-Cuevas, L and Sorolla, M (2004) Microstrip wiggly line band pass filters with multispurious rejection. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 14, 531–533.Google Scholar
43.Vélez, P, Valero, M, Su, L, Naqui, J, Mata-Contreras, J, Bonache, J and Martín, F (2016) Enhancing common-mode suppression in microstrip differential lines by means of chirped electromagnetic bandgaps (EBGs). Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 58, 328–332.Google Scholar
44.Naqui, J, Durán-Sindreu, M, Bonache, J and Martín, F (2011) Implementation of shunt connected series resonators through stepped-impedance shunt stubs: analysis and limitations. IET Microwaves Antennas and Propagation 5, 1336–1342.Google Scholar