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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 March 2021
1 National Archives, Kew (hereafter NA): Foreign Office (hereafter FO) 78/5490 (Shalabi Mustafa report, 6 October 1904).
2 NA: FO 78/5490 (Dumreicher to Purvis, 7 October 1904; Purvis memo, 11 October 1904).
3 The emergence of this protracted “border conflict” is the subject of the sixth chapter of my book, Desert Borderland: The Making of Modern Egypt and Libya (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2018)Google Scholar.
4 Abul-Magd, Zeinab, Imagined Empires: A History of Revolt in Egypt (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2013)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Ellis, Desert Borderland; Derr, Jennifer, The Lived Nile: Environment, Disease, and Material Colonial Economy in Egypt (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2019)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Lucia Carminati, Seeking Bread and Fortune in Port Said, 1859–1906 (forthcoming).
5 Dar al-Watha'iq al-Qawmiyya, Majlis al-Nuzzar wa-l-Wuzara’ 0075-003226, n.d., and 0075-058015 (doc. 2), n.d.; Andre von Dumreicher, Trackers and Smugglers in the Deserts of Egypt (London: Methuen, 1931), 8–9, 13.
6 NA: FO 78/5490 (petition from “Kateefa group” of Awlad ‘Ali bedouin to Shalabi Mustafa, enclosed with Cromer memo, 28 February 1905).
7 NA: FO 78/5490 (Shalabi Mustafa memo, 28 February 1905).
8 NA: FO 78/5490 (memos from Cromer to Lansdowne, 28 February 1905).
9 Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivleri: Y.EE 128/93 (memo from 27 April 1909).
10 Maier, Charles, Once within Borders: Territories of Power, Wealth, and Belonging since 1500 (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2016)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
11 Ministero degli Affari Esteri, Rome (hereafter MAE): Archivio Storico Ex-Ministero dell'Africa Italiana, vol. 2, Libia, 1859–1945 (hereafter ASMAI), 101/2/24 (letter to minister of foreign affairs from Cairo, 3 July 1904).
12 MAE: ASMAI, 101/2/33-4 (consul-general of Tripoli to MAE, n.d.). Cyrenaica was how the Italian authorities consistently referred to the Ottoman province of Benghazi (eastern Libya).