Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T02:19:42.923Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Dental Implants: State of the Art, State of the Science

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 March 2009

Paul A. Schnitman
Paul A. Schnitman
Affiliation:
Harvard School of Dental Medicine
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Analysis of epidemiologic studies reveals that even with advances in preventive dentistry, edentulism continues to be a pressing problem especially in a rapidly expanding senior population. As an alternative to traditional removable dentures, dental implants can provide fixed support for crowns and bridges. A recent National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference revealed significant growth in implant technology and established that, although a complex treatment alternative, implants can function for 10 years or more. Continued development in basic and clinical research, federal regulations, professional education, public awareness, insurance, and marketing will shape the future of the field.

Type
Special Section: Assessing the Technology of Dentistry, Part II
Information
International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care , Volume 6 , Issue 4 , October 1990 , pp. 528 - 544
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1990

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Acevedo, A. I.Success and survivability of endosteal blade implants managed in the practice of Dr. Linkow. Journal of Oral Implantology, 1987, 8, 3.Google Scholar
Adell, R.Clinical results of osseointegrated implants supporting fixed prostheses in edentulous jaws. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 1983, 50, 251.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Adell, R. Long-term treatment results. In Brånemark, P.-I., Zarb, G. & Albrektsson, T. (eds.), Tissue-integrated prostheses. Osseointegration in clinical dentistry. Chicago, IL: Quintessence Publishing, 1985, 175–86.Google ScholarPubMed
Adell, R., Lekholm, U. & Brånemark, , P.-I. Surgical procedures. In Brånemark, P. -I., Zarb, G. & Albrektsson, T. (eds.), Tissue-integrated prostheses. Osseointegration in clinical dentistry. Chicago, IL: Quintessence Publishing, 1985, 211–32.Google ScholarPubMed
Adell, R., Lekholm, U., Rockler, B. & Brånemark, P.-I.A 15-year study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw. International Journal of Oral Surgery, 1981, 10, 387–416.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Albrektsson, T., Dahl, E., Enhom, L. et al. Osseointegration oral implants. A Swedish multicenter study of 8,139 consecutive inserted Nobeipharma implants. Journal of Periodontology, 1988, 05, 287–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Albrektsson, T., Zarb, G. A., Worthington, P. & Eriksson, A. R.The long-term efficacy of currently used dental implants: A review and proposed criteria of success. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Implants, 1986, 44, 11–25.Google Scholar
American Academy of Implant Dentistry. Application to the American Dental Association for recognition of implant dentistry as a specialty. 07 1, 1987, 35.Google Scholar
American Academy of Implant Dentistry. Today's news. Journal of Oral Implantology, 1990, 16, 147.Google Scholar
American Dental Association. Journal of the American Dental Association, 09 1990, 121.Google Scholar
Armitage, J. E. Risk of blade implants. In Schnitman, P. A. & Shulman, L. B. (eds.), Dental implants: Benefits & risk, an NIH-Harvard consensus development conference. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1980, 294–304.Google Scholar
Babbush, C. A. Maxillary versus mandibular free-end blade implants. In Schnitman, P. A. & Shulman, L. B. (eds.), Dental implants: Benefit & risk, an NIH-Harvard consensus development conference. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1980, 309–12.Google Scholar
Babbush, C. A., Kent, J. N. & Misiek, D.J.Titanium plasma-sprayed (TPS) screw implants for the reconstruction of the edentulous mandible. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 1986, 44, 274–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baier, R. E. & Meyer, B. A.Future directions in surface preparation of dental implants. Journal of Dental Education (special issue), 1988, 52, 788–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bailey, J. H. & Yanase, R. T.University of Southern California implant denture program – 14-year study. Paper presented at the International Symposium on Preprosthetic Surgery, Palm Springs, CA, 05 16–18, 1985.Google Scholar
Balkin, B. E.Implant dentistry: Historical overview with current perspective. Journal of Dental Education (special issue), 1988, 52, 683–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berman, N. Two-post vs. four-post subperiosteal implants. In Schnitman, P. A. & Shulman, L. B. (eds.), Dental implants. Benefit & risk, an NIH-Harvard consensus development conference. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1980, 99–104.Google Scholar
Bodine, R. L. & Yanase, R. T.Thirty-year report on 28 implant dentures inserted between 1952 and 1959. Paper presented at the International Symposium on Preprosthetic Surgery, Palm Springs, CA, 05 16–18, 1985.Google Scholar
Bolender, C. L.Indications and contraindications for different types of implant therapy. Journal of Dental Education (special issue), 1988, 52, 757–59.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brånemark, P.-I.Tooth replacement by oral endoprostheses: Clinical aspects. Journal of Dental Education (special issue), 1988, 52, 821–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brånemark, P.-I., Hansson, B. O., Adell, R. et al. Osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw–experience from a ten-year period. Monograph. Stockholm: Almquist and Wiksell, 1977.Google Scholar
Brunski, J. B.Biomechanics of oral implants: Future research directions. Journal of Dental Education (special issue), 1988, 52, 755–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cox, J. F. & Zarb, G. A.The longitudinal clinical efficacy of osseointegrated dental implants: A three-year report. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Implants, 1987, 2, 91–100.Google Scholar
Cranin, A. N.Maxillary unilateral subperiosteal implants. Paper presented at the Second Annual Symposium on Implant Research. American Academy of Implant Dentistry Research Foundation, Forsyth Dental Center, Boston, 04 1986.Google Scholar
Cranin, A. N., Rabkin, M. F., Silverbran, H. F. & Sher, J. H. Brookdale-bar vs. no-bar subperiosteal implants. In Schnitman, P. A. & Shulman, L. B. (eds.), Dental implants: Benefit & risk, an NIH-Harvard consensus development conference. Bethesda, MD: Department of Health and Human Services, 1980, 152–66.Google Scholar
Cranin, A. N., Satler, N. & Shpuntoff, R.The unilateral pterygohamular subperiosteal implant: Evolution of a technique. Journal of the American Dental Association, 1985, 110, 496–500.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
d'Hoedt, B.10 Jahre Tübinger Implantat aus Frialit–Eine Zwischenauswertung der Implantatdatei. Zeitschrift fur Zahnärztl Implantologie, 1986, 2, S6–S10.Google Scholar
d'Hoedt, B., Heimke, G. & Schulte, W. Bioinert ceramics in dental implantology. In Vincenzini, P. (ed.), Materials science monographs. Ceramics in clinical applications. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1987, 39, 219–23.Google Scholar
d'Hoedt, B. & Luckas, D.Statistische Ergebnisse des Tübinger Implantates. Deutsch Zahnärztl Zeitschrift, 1981, 39, 551–62.Google Scholar
English, C. E. Cylindrical implants. CDA Journal, 1988, 10, 17–38.Google Scholar
Ericsson, I., Lekholm, U., Brånemark, P.-I. et al. A clinical evaluation of fixed-bridge restorations supported by the combination of teeth and osseointegrated titanium implants. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 1986, 13, 307–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Division of Small Manufacturers Assistance, Office of Training and Assistance. Investigational device exemptions, regulatory requirements for medical devices. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 02, 1986.Google Scholar
Food and Drug Administration, Center for Services and Radiology Health. Guidance for the arrangement and content of premarket approval (PMA) application for an endosseous implantforprosthetic attachment. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 05 1989.Google Scholar
Food and Drug Administration, Office of Device Evaluation, Center for Devices and Radiological Health. Premarket approval (PMA) manual. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 06 1988.Google Scholar
Gershkof, A. & Goldberg, N. I.Implant dentures. Montreal: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1957.Google Scholar
Golec, T.Maxillary unilateral subperiosteal implant: A clinical update with surface and design changes. Paper presented at the Second Annual Symposium on Implant Research, American Academy of Implant Dentistry Research Foundation, Forsyth Dental Center, Boston, 04 16, 1986.Google Scholar
Golec, T.Three-year clinical review of HA coated titanium cylinder implants. Paper presented at the International Osseointegration Symposium. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 06 3, 1988.Google ScholarPubMed
Greenfield, E. J.Implantation of artificial crown and bridge abutments. Dental Cosmos 1913, 55, 264–430.Google Scholar
Gross, U. M.Biocompatibility – The interaction of biomaterials and host response. Journal of Dental Education (special issue), 1988, 52, 798–803.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guaccio, R.Presentation on implantology. Paper presented at the Dentistry and the Law Conference, Chicago, IL, 11 9, 1990.Google Scholar
Hahn, J.Maxillary unilateral subperiosteal implants. Paper presented at the Second Annual Symposium on Implant Research, American Academy of Implant Dentistry Research Foundation, Forsyth Dental Center, Boston, 04 1986.Google Scholar
Haraldson, T. Functional evaluation of bridges on osseointegrated implants in the edentulous jaw. Thesis, University of Goteborg, Sweden, 1979.Google Scholar
Henry, P. J.Osseointegrated dental implants: Two-year follow-up replication study. Paper presented at the 24th Australian Dental Congress, Brisbane, 05 1985. Australian Dental Journal, 1986, 31, 247–56.Google Scholar
Ismail, J. Y. H.Predoctoral curriculum guidelines in implant dentistry. International Journal of Oral Implantology, 1990, 7, 67–68.Google ScholarPubMed
James, R. A., Altman, A. F., Clem, D. C. & Lozada, J. Acritical review of the “Osseointegrated” literature. New York State Dental Journal, 1986, 52, 31–34.Google ScholarPubMed
James, R. A., Lozada, J. L., Truitt, P. H. et al. Subperiosteal implants. CDA Journal, 1988, 16, 10–14.Google ScholarPubMed
Kapur, K. K., Deupree, R., Frechette, A. et al. VA cooperative study on dental implants. Part IV: Comparisons between RPD and FPD. Journal of Dental Research (special issue), 1987, 66, 113(A55).Google Scholar
Kapur, K. K. & Garrett, N. R.Requirements for clinical trials. Journal of Dental Education (special issue), 1988, 52, 760–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kent, J. N., Misiek, D. J., Silverman, H. & Rotskoff, K.A multicenter retrospective review of the mandibular staple bone plate. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 1984, 42, 421–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kirsch, A. & Ackermann, K. F.Das IMZ-Implantationssystem Indikation–Methode–Langzeitergebnisse. Deutsch Zahnärztl Zeitschrift, 1983, 38, 106.Google Scholar
Kirsch, A. & Ackermann, K. L.Das IMZ-Implantat System Methode-Klinik-Ergebnisse. ZWR, 1986, 11, 1134–44.Google Scholar
Kirsch, A. & Mentag, P.The IMZ endosseous two phase implant systems: A complete oral rehabilitation treatment concept. Journal of Oral Implantology, 1986, 12, 576–89.Google ScholarPubMed
Koth, D. L., McKinney, R. V. Jr & Davis, Q. B.The single-crystal sapphire endosteal dental implant. A longitudinal human study: One-year results. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 1983, 50, 72–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koth, D. L., McKinney, R. V. Jr, Davis, Q.B. & Steflik, D. E.Single crystal aluminous oxide endosteal implants–Five years. Journal of Dental Research (special issue), 1986, 65, A1208.Google Scholar
Koth, D. L., McKinney, R. V., Davis, Q. B. & Steflik, D. E.Single crystal aluminous oxide endosteal implants–Seven years. Journal of Dental Research (special issue), 1988, 67, A2037.Google Scholar
Koth, D. L., McKinney, R. V. Jr & Steflik, D. E.The single-crystal sapphire endosseous dental implant. III. Preliminary human clinical trials. Journal of Oral Implantology, 1983, 11, 10–24.Google ScholarPubMed
Koth, D. L., McKinney, R. V., Steflik, D. E. & Davis, Q. B.A clinical and statistical analysis of human clinical trials with the single crystal aluminum oxide endosteal dental implant: Five-year results. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 1988, 60, 226–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laney, W. R., Tolman, D. E., Keller, E. E. et al. Dental implants: Tissue-integrated prosthesis utilizing the osseointegration concept. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 1986, 61, 91–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ledermann, Ph. D. & Schroeder, A.Klinische Erfahrungen mit dem ITI-Hohlzylinderimplantat. Festschrift Dr. Fritz Straumann. Liestal, Switzerland: Druck Lüdin Ag, 1985.Google Scholar
Lemons, J. E.Dental implant retrieval analyses. Journal of Dental Education (special issue), 1988, 52, 748–56.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Linkow, L. I.The blade event–A new dimension in endosseous implants. Dental Concepts, 1968, 11, 3, 3–13.Google Scholar
Linkow, L. I.The multipurpose blade: A three-year progress report. Journal of Orallmplantology, 1979, 4, 209–29.Google Scholar
Linkow, L. I. Benefit of blade implants. In Schnitman, P. A. & Shulman, L. B. (eds.), Dental implants: Benefit & risk, an NIH-Harvard consensus development conference. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1980, 273–93.Google Scholar
Linkow, L. I. Unilateral subperiosteal implants. In Schnitman, P. A. & Shulman, L. B. (eds.), Dental implants: Benefit & risk, an NIH-Harvard consensus development conference. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1980, 105–06.Google Scholar
Löe, H. NIDR perspectives on implantology research. In Paul, Schnitman (ed.), Challenges for technology transfer in implant dentistry: Research and educational issues for the 1990's. Journal of Oral Implantology, in press.Google Scholar
Matukas, V. J.Medical risks associated with dental implants. Journal of Dental Education (special issue), 1988, 52, 745–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McKinney, R. V. Jr, Steflik, D. E., Koth, D. L. & Singh, B. B.The scientific basis for dental implant therapy. Journal of Dental Education (special issue), 1988, 52, 696–705.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meffert, R. M.The soft tissue interface in dental implantology. Journal of Dental Education (special issue), 1988, 52, 810–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Melcher, A. H.Summary of biological considerations. Journal of Dental Education (special issue), 1988, 52, 812–814.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meskin, L. H. & Brown, L. J.Prevalence and patterns of tooth loss in U.S. employed adult and senior populations, 1985–86. Journal of Dental Education (special issue), 1988, 52, 686–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Natiella, J. R.The use of animal modes in research on dental implants. Journal of Dental Education (special issue), 1988, 52, 792–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Center for Health Statistics. Decayed, missing, and filled teeth among persons 1–74 years, United States. Vital and health statistics. Hyattsville, MD: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1981, 11, 223.Google Scholar
National Institute of Dental Research. Epidemiology and Oral Disease Prevention Program. Oral health of United States adults, the national survey of oral health in U.S. employed adults and seniors: 85/86. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1987, 08, NIH pub. no. 87–2868.Google Scholar
National Institute on Aging Administrative Document. Personnel for health needs of the elderly through year 2020. Report to Congress. Report to Congress. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 09 1987.Google Scholar
National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement. Dental implants. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 06 15, 1988, 7, 3.Google Scholar
Newman, M. G. & Flemmig, T. F.Periodontal considerations of implants and implant associated microbiota. Journal of Dental Education (special issue), 1988, 52, 737–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Patrick, D., Zosky, J., Lubar, R. & Buchs, A.Core-Vent five-year clinical study. Paper presented at Core-Vent Symposium, Dallas, 05 20–22, 1988.Google Scholar
Rizzo, A. A. (ed.) Proceedings of the Consensus Development Conference on Dental Implants. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 06 13–15, 1988. Journal of Dental Education (special issue), 1988, 52, 678–824.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, W. E.Bone tissue interface. Journal of Dental Education (special issue), 1988, 52, 804–09.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rohner, D. Die Versorgung des Lückengebisses mit implantatzahngetragenen Brücken: eine Longitudinalstudie über 7 1/2 Jahre. Thesis, Department of Crown and Bridge Prosthetics and Dental Materials, University of Zurich, 1987.Google Scholar
Schnitman, P. A.Education in implant dentistry. Journal of the American Dental Association, 1990, 121, 330–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schnitman, P. A., Rubenstein, J. E., Jeffcoat, M. K. et al. Implant prostheses: Blade vs. cantilever–clinical trial. Journal of Oral Implantology, 1986, 12, 449–59.Google ScholarPubMed
Schnitman, P. A., Rubenstein, J. E., Jeffcoat, M. K. et al. Blade implant clinical trial: 36-month results. Journal of Dental Research (special issue), 1987, 66, A54.Google Scholar
Schnitman, P. A., Rubenstein, J. E., Jeffcoat, M. K. et al. Three-year survival rates: Blade implant vs. cantilever clinical trial. Journal of Dental Research (special issue), 1988, 67, 347 (A1874).Google Scholar
Schnitman, P. A., Rubenstein, J. E., Wöhrle, P. S. et al. Implants for partial edentulism. Journal of Dental Education (special issue), 1988, 52, 725–36.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schnitman, P.A. & Shulman, L. B.Recommendations of the consensus development conference on dental implants. Journal of the American Dental Association, 1979, 98, 373–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schnitman, P. A. & Shulman, L. B. (eds.) Dental implants: Benefit & risk. Proceedings of an NIH-Harvard consensus development conference, June 1978. Bethesda, MD: Department of Health and Human Services, 1980.Google Scholar
Schroeder, A., van, der Zypen E., Stich, H. & Sutter, F.The reactions of bone, connective tissue, and epithelium to endosteal implants with titanium-sprayed surfaces. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 1981, 9, 1–72.Google ScholarPubMed
Schulte, W. & d'Hoedt, B.Das Tübinger Implantat aus Frialit im Molarenbereich. Zeitschrift Zahnärztl Implantologie, 1987, 3, S15–S23.Google Scholar
Shulman, L. B.Surgical considerations in implant dentistry. Journal of Dental Education (special issue), 1988, 52, 712–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Skalak, R.Biomechanical considerations in osseointegrated prosthesis. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 1983, 49, 843–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Small, I. A. Benefit and risk of mandibular bone plates. In Schnitman, P. A. & Shulman, L. B. (eds.). Dental implants: Benefit & risk, an NIH-Harvard consensus development conference. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1980, 139–51.Google Scholar
Small, I.A.The mandibular staple bone plate: Its use and role in prosthetic surgery. Journal of Head and Neck Pathology, 1985, 4, 111–116.Google Scholar
Small, I. A. & Misiek, D.A sixteen-year evaluation of the mandibular staple bone plate. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 1986, 44, 60–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, D. C.Future directions for research on materials and design of dental implants. Journal of Dental Education (special issue), 1988, 52, 815–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smithloff, M. & Fritz, M.The use of blade implants in a selected population of partially edentulous adults: A five-year report. Journal of Periodontology, 1976, 47, 19–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smithloff, M. & Fritz, M.The use of blade implants in a selected population of partially edentulous adults: A ten-year report. Journal of Periodontology, 1982, 53, 413–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smithloff, M. & Fritz, M.The use of blade implants in a selected population of partially edentulous adults: A 15-year report. Journal of Periodontology, 1987, 58, 589–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strock, E. A.Experimental work on a method for the replacement of missing teeth by direct implantation of a metal support into the alveolus. American Journal of Orthodontics and Oral Surgery, 1939, 25, 467.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, F.Ramus frame implants: Retrospective case analyses. Paper presented at the Second Annual Symposium on Implant Research. American Academy of Implant Dentistry Research Foundation, Forsyth Dental Center, Boston, 04 1986.Google Scholar
van, Steenberghe D., Quirynen, M., Calberson, L. & Demanet, M.A prospective evaluation of the fate of 697 consecutive intraoral fixtures modum Brånemark in the rehabilitation of edentulism. Journal of Head and Neck Pathology, 1987, 6, 53–58.Google Scholar
Weiss, C. M.Fibro-osteal Integration: A comparative analysis of blade and fixture type dental implants supported by clinical trials. Journal of Dental Education (special issue), 1988, 52, 706–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weiss, M. B.Titanium fiber-mesh metal implant. Journal of Oral Implantology, 1986, 12, 498–507.Google ScholarPubMed
Weiss, M. & Rostoker, W.Development of a new endosseous dental implant. Part II: Human studies. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 1982, 47, 633–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Worthington, P.Current implant usage. Journal of Dental Education (special issue), 1988, 52, 692–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wozniak, W. T.Dental implants and ADA acceptance. Journal of the American Dental Association, 1986, 113, 879.Google ScholarPubMed
Young, F.A.Future directions in dental implant materials research. Journal of Dental Education (special issue), 1988, 52, 770–774.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zarb, G. A. & Schmitt, A.Longitudinal clinical effectiveness of osseointegrated implants: The Toronto study. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 1990, 63, 451–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zarb, G. A.Implants for complete denture therapy. Journal of Dental Education (special issue), 1988, 53, 721–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar