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Population Dynamics of the Stemborers Chilo partellus (Swinhoe), Busseola fusca (Fuller) and Sesamia calamistis Attacking Sorghum in Central Ethiopia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

Melaku Wale
Melaku Wale
Affiliation:
Institute of Agricultural Research, P.O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, E-mail: iar@telecom.net.et
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Abstract

Studies on the population dynamics and species composition of the sorghum stemborers Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Sesamia sp. were conducted at Melkassa, Rift Valley of Ethiopia, during the 1990 and 1992 cropping seasons. Chilo partellus at 92% dominated the species composition. Busseola frisca made up 7.7% and Sesamia calamistis less than 1% of the borers. Occurrence of partellus declined with delay in planting until the third planting ( early June to early July) then increased during late planting in July. Busseola fusca alone, however, tended to increase in numbers with delay in planting. In Melkassa area, early planting in July could be considered as the most suitable, with low borer numbers, damage symptoms and resulting in fewer stalks with peduncle damage. Grain yield was also higher during early planting in July while the lowest yield was obtained during late planting in July. Weather factors showed no consistency but relative humidity seemed to have a significantly negative correlation with insect numbers in the last two plantings in 1992.

Résumé

Au cours des saisons culturales 1990 et 1992, des études sur la dynamique de populations et la prévalence d'espèces foreuses du sorgho, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) et Sesamia sp. ont été conduites à Melkassa dans le Rift valley Ethiopien. De par la prévalence des espèces, Chilo partellus était l'espèce dominante à 92%, suivie de B. fusca avec 7,7%, tandis que Sesamia sp. venait avec moins de 1%. La présence de C. partellus diminuait avec les retards des trois premières dates de semis qui s'étalent de début juin à début juillet, puis sa population montait avec les semis tardifs effectués en fin juillet. Par contre, les populations de B. fusca avaient tendance à augmenter avec les semis tardifs. Dans les conditions de Melkassa, les semis précoces de juillet semblent les mieux indiqués, puisqu'ils occasionnent moins de foreuses et moins de symptômes de dégâts reflétés par un nombre réduit de tiges avec pédoncules endommagés. Des rendements élevés ont également été obtenus des semis précoces de juillet tandis que des récoltes ont été enregistrées pour les semis tardifs de fin juillet. Les facteurs climatiques n'ont pas prouvé de consistance dans leur rôle déterminant mais pour les deux dernières dates de semis de 1992, l'humidité relative semblait avoir une corrélation significativement négative avec le nombre d'insectes.

Keywords

population dynamicsplanting dateChilo partellusBusseola fuscasorghumEthiopiadynamique de populationsdates de semisChilo partellusBusseolafuscasorghoEthiopie
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 19 , Issue 2-3 , September 1999 , pp. 149 - 156
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1999

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