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Potential of Some Fungal Pathogens for the Control of Pests in the Tropics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

Nguya K. Maniania
Nguya K. Maniania
Affiliation:
The International Centre Of Insect Physiology And Ecology (Icipe), P. O. Box 30, Mbita, Kenya
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Abstract

The first report on the entomopathogenic fungi in the tropics dates back to 1853. Despite their variety, little attention has been focused on their incidence on agricultural pests. Studies over the last 20 years in the tropics have revealed that entomogenous fungi (Deuteromycetes and Entomophthorales) may play an important role in natural control of arthropod populations. Therefore, the use of insect pathogenic fungi as pest control agents is promising.

An important consideration in developing an entomopathogenic fungus as a mycoinsecticide is the selection of the correct and well-adapted strain. New techniques in biotechnology will help in developing methodology for mass production and formulations. Other factors which can be considered, and which may be determinants on the potential of insect pathogenic fungi include the environmental conditions and cultural techniques (e.g. intercropping, planting density, irrigation). The cultural techniques can result in change of the environment favourable to the disease.

Résumé

La présence des champignons entomopathogènes dans les régions tropicales a été rapportée pour la première fois en 1853. En dépit de leur grande diversité, peu d'attention a été concentrée sur leur rôle à l'égard d'insectes ravageurs d'intérêt agricole. Les études écologiques menées durant les 20 dernières années dans les pays tropicaux montrent que les champignons pathogènes d'insectes (Deuteromycètes et Entomophthorales) peuvent jouer un rôle important dans la régulation naturelle des populations d'insectes. Par conséquent, l'utilisation de ces microorganismes comme agents pour la lutte biologique est envisageable.

La sélection des souches est un des facteurs importants lorsqu'on veut utiliser le champignon entomopathogène comme insecticide biologique, la biotechnologie étant capable de développer des techniques de production de masse et de formulation. D'autres facteurs tels que les conditions d'environnement et les techniques culturales (cultures mixtes, densité de plantes, irrigation) doivent être également pris en compte, car ils peuvent être determinants pour le potentiel du champignon. Les techniques culturales par exemple, peuvent créer un environnement favorable a la mycose.

Keywords

Fungal pathogenscontrolpeststropicsstrainmass-productionenvironmentnatural controlChampignons pathogéneslutte biologiqueinsectes ravageurssouchetropiquesproduction de masseenvironnementrégulation naturelle
Type
Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 12 , Issue 1-2-3: Current Topics in Tropical Entomology , June 1991 , pp. 63 - 70
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1991

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