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Spatial and Temporal Genetic Variation in Populations of the Whitefly Bemisia Tabaci (Genn.) in Israel and Colombia: an Interim Report

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

David Wool ,
Dan Gerling ,
Anthony Bellotti ,
Francisco Morales  and
Barry Nolt
David Wool
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel
Dan Gerling
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel
Anthony Bellotti
Affiliation:
Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Apartado Aereo 6713, Cali, Colombia
Francisco Morales
Affiliation:
Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Apartado Aereo 6713, Cali, Colombia
Barry Nolt
Affiliation:
Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Apartado Aereo 6713, Cali, Colombia
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Abstract

Intensive investigations of genetic variation within and among populations of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, are under way in Israel and in Colombia. A polymorphic esterase (EST), which seems to be controlled by a Mendelian locus, has two alleles in sufficiently high frequencies to be useful as a genetic marker. The analysis of more than 10,000 individual adult whiteflies shows genetic differences among localities in the frequencies of the fast (F) and slow (S) alleles. These differences seem to be related to the intensity of insecticide use against the whitefly. The frequency of F is high in unsprayed areas and in control laboratory populations, but is close to zero in heavily-sprayed agricultural areas. The frequency of Fon cotton in agricultural areas is high in winter and spring, but decreases dramatically in the summer (coincidental with the onset of pest-control activities on cotton). A similar temporal pattern on untreated Lantana may be due to migration of adults from agricultural fields. There was no indication of differentiation of populations on different host plants. In Colombia, the difference in EST patterns in different States are very pronounced, suggestive of geographical races. Small samples from Florida, California and Kenya indicate that B. tabaci in different countries may be genetically distinct.

Résumé

D'intenses travaux de recherche sur le transfert génétique parmi les membres d'une même communauté d'une variété de la mouche blanche, la Bemisia tabaci, sont actuellement en cours en Israël et en Colombie. Cette esterase polymorphique (EST), qui semble être très marquée par la caractéristique mendélienne, présente 2 allèles ou gènes allèlomorphes si fréquemment rencontrés qu'ils méritent d'être considérés comme des caractères génétiques. Une étude portant sur plus de 10.000 individus adultes révèle des différences génétiques régionales montrant la prédominance soit de l'allèle estimé rapide, le (F), ou de l'allèle estimé lent, le (S). Ces différences sont vraisemblablement fonction de la quantité des insecticides pulvérisés dans la région pour lutter contre la mouche blanche. La présence du (F) est prédominante dans la régions qui n'ont pas connu de pulvérisations d'insecticides et parmi les populations de mouches soumises au contrôle en laboratoire, mais elle est presque nulle dans les régions agricoles où lés insecticides ont été abondamment pulvérisés. Le (F) est également très abondant dans les plantations de coton en hivers et au printemps, tandis qu'en été le nombre décroit très sensiblement (cette diminution coïncide justement avec le début de la campagne de lutte contre les insectes nuisibles dans le plantations de coton). Une caractéristique saisonnière sembable observée sur la Lontana qui n'a pas été étudiée proviendrait probablement d'une migration des mouches adultes venant des plantations. Aucune distinction de groupes de mouches n'a été indiquée quant aux individus observés sur les différentes plantes-hôtes. En Colombie, la différence des caractéristiques chez la EST trouvée dans différentes régions est très prononcée, impliquant ainsi l'existence des races régionales. Un petit nombre d'échantillons prélevés en Floride, Californie et au Kenya montre que les B. tabaci rencontrées dans des pays différents peuvent être génétiquement différentes.

Keywords

Bemisia tabacigenetic variationelectrophoresisesterase
Type
Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 12 , Issue 1-2-3: Current Topics in Tropical Entomology , June 1991 , pp. 225 - 230
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1991

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