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Activité biologique des poudres de cinq plantes et de l'huile essentielle d'une d'entre elles sur Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2007

Abdellah Kellouche  and
Noureddine Soltani
Abdellah Kellouche
Affiliation:
Laboratoire d'Entomologie, Département de Biologie, Université M. Mammeri, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques et des Sciences Agronomiques, 15000, Tizi Ouzou, Algérie
Noureddine Soltani*
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Biologie Animale Appliquée, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Badji – Mokhtar, 23000, Annaba, Algérie
*
*Email: nsolt@yahoo.fr
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Abstract

Powders from dry leaves of four plant species: Ficus carica (Moraceae), Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtaceae), Olea europaea (Oleacea) and Citrus limon (Rutaceae), were evaluated under controlled conditions (30±1°C and 70±5% RH), for their biological activity against Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), and were compared to a powder from cloves of myrtle Syzygium aromaticum (Myrtaceae) and to eugenol (the essential oil from cloves). Once mixed with seeds of chickpea Cicer arietinum at doses of 1 to 5% (w/w), all the five powders significantly reduced adult longevity. Among these tested botanicals, clove powder was the most toxic as adult survival in treated seeds was less than 24h, even at the lowest dosage of 1%. The powders from dry leaves also reduced fecundity while that from cloves completely inhibited oviposition in C. maculatus. Indeed, the mean number of eggs laid in chickpea seeds treated with powders from dry leaves of the four plant species above varied from 273.2±30.3 to 373.8±58.2 against 401.8±37.9 in the control (untreated seeds). At the highest dose of 5%, all powders significantly reduced the number of emerging adults: 149.3±46.7 in treatment with O. europaea, 139.8±25.1 with E. globulus, 82.8±48.1 with C. limon, 31.5±20.5 in treatment with F. carica and 0.0±0.0 with S. aromaticum. Tests with lower doses (0,1–0,5%) of clove powder revealed that from the dose of 0.2% and above, C. maculatus adults died before laying eggs. Treatments with eugenol at 5μl/50g seeds (v/w), significantly reduced adult longevity (1±0.0 day), the number of eggs laid (0.0±0.0 egg) and adult emergence rate (0.0±0.0 adult), compared to the control used in this test where these parameters are respectively 7.00±0.8 days, 1134.4±204.2 eggs and 745.6±144.9 adults of the first generation.

Keywords

biological activityCallosobruchus maculatusSyzygium aromaticumeugenolpowdersFicus caricaEucalyptus globulusOlea europaeaCitrus limon
Type
Research Article
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 24 , Issue 2 , June 2004 , pp. 184 - 191
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2004

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