Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T20:17:53.227Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

An evaluation of insecticide-impregnated screens against Glossina austeni (Diptera: Glossinidae) on Unguja Island of Zanzibar

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

Marc J. B. Vreysen ,
Khalfan M. Saleh ,
Issa S. Khamis  and
Furaha Mramba
Marc J. B. Vreysen*
Affiliation:
International Atomic Energy Agency, Department of Technical Co-operation Programmes Vienna, Austria
Khalfan M. Saleh
Affiliation:
Commission of Agriculture and Livestock, Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanzania
Issa S. Khamis
Affiliation:
Commission of Agriculture and Livestock, Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanzania
Furaha Mramba
Affiliation:
Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Research Institute, Tanga, United Republic of Tanzania
*
Corresponding author: MJBV. IAEA Project RAF/5/040 c/o Ethiopian Science and Technology Commission, P.O. Box 19917, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. E-mail: estc@telecom.net.et
Get access

Abstract

A tsetse-control trial was carried out in a primary forest habitat on Unguja Island of Zanzibar to assess the effect of insecticide-impregnated blue cotton screens on a population of Glossina austeni Newstead. In November 1991, screens were deployed at densities of 45–70 per km2 and the fly population was monitored monthly using sticky panels. Both female and male daily catches were not affected during the initial five months after screen deployment, but the physiological age distribution of female flies shifted significantly towards younger groups. Females were more influenced by the screens than males. The fly population was very low after the long rainy season, but increased to pre-control levels three months after the flooding of the forest floor. Thereafter, male and female apparent densities decreased, and 78–91% and 98–99% suppression was obtained for males and females respectively at the end of the 18-month intervention period. While effective control of G. austeni using blue cotton screens was shown to be feasible, it required a high deployment density and a long intervention period.

Résumé

Un essai de lutte contre une population de Glossina austeni Newstead dans un habitat de forêt primaire sur l'île d'Unguja de Zanzibar, a été entrepris pour déterminer l'efficacité d'écrans en coton bleu imprégné d'insecticide. En Novembre 1991, des écrans ont été disposés à une densité de 45 à 70 écrans km-2 et la population de la mouche a été évaluée chaque mois utilisant des panneaux gluants. Les cinq premiers mois, le placement des écrans n'influaient pas sur la capture quotidienne des mouches mâles et femelles mais la distribution de l'âge physiologique des femelles se penchait d'une manière significative vers des groupes plus jeunes. Les écrans influaient plus sur les femelles que les mâles. Après la longue saison des pluies, la population de la mouche était très réduite, mais 3 mois après l'inondation de la forêt, elle augmentait jusqu' à une densité comparable à celle d'avant le placement des écrans. Après cette reprise, les densités apparentes mâles et femelles diminuaient et à la fin de la période d'intervention de 18 mois, 78–91% des mâles et 98–99% des femelles étaient éliminés. La lutte contre G. austeni avec des écrans en coton bleu a prouvé efficace, mais il a fallu une grande densité d'écrans et une longue période d'intervention.

Keywords

Glossina austeniinsecticide-impregnated screenscontrolZanzibarGlossina austeniécrans imprégné d'insecticidecontrôleZanzibar
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 19 , Issue 1 , March 1999 , pp. 75 - 84
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Challier, A. (1965) Amélioration de la méthode de détermination de l'âge physiologique des glossines. Bull. Soc. Path. Exot. 58, 250–259.Google Scholar
Cuisance, D., Fevrier, J., Dujardin, J. et Filledier, J. (1985) Dispersion linéaire de Glossina palpalis gambiensis et Glossina tachinoides dans une galerie forestière en zone soudan-guinéenne (Burkina-Faso). Revue Elev. Méd. vét. Pays trop. 38, 153–172.Google Scholar
Cuisance, D., Politzar, H., Fevrier, J., Bourdoiseau, G. et Sellin, E. (1980) Association d'un traitement insecticide avec la méthode du mâle stérile contre Glossina palpalis gambiensis: Intérêt de la mise en œuvre de plusieurs méthodes. Revue Elev. Méd. vét. Pays trop. 33, 127–133.Google Scholar
Davies, J. E. (1978) The use of ageing techniques to evaluate the effects of aerial spraying against Glossina morsitans centralis Machado (Diptera: Glossinidae) in northern Botswana. Bull. ent. Res. 68, 373–383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dransfield, R. D., Brightwell, R., Kyorku, C. and Williams, B. (1990) Control of tsetse fly (Diptera: Glossinidae) populations using traps at Nguruman, south-west Kenya. Bull. ent. Res. 80, 265–276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, C. H. (1994) Bait methods for tsetse fly control. Advances in Parasitology 34, 229–291.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hadaway, A. B., Barlow, F. and Turner, C. R. (1976) The susceptibility of different species of tsetse flies to some insecticides. Misc. Rep. Cen. Overseas Pest Res. 23, 4 pp.Google Scholar
Hargrove, J. W. (1992) Age dependent sampling biases in tsetse flies (Glossina). Problems associated with estimating mortality from sample age distributions, pp. 549–556. In Management of Insect Pests: Nuclear and Related Molecular and Genetic Techniques. Proceedings of a symposium jointly organised by IAEA and FAO, Vienna, Austria, 19–23 October 1992. IAEA-SM-327/52, IAEA, Vienna.Google Scholar
Höreth-Böntgen, D. W. (1992) Control of Glossina austeni and cattle trypanosomiasis in Unguja island by deltamethrin pour-on application to livestock and with stationary targets in cattle-free zones, pp. 213–218. In Tsetse Control, Diagnosis and Chemotherapy Using Nuclear Techniques. Proceedings of an IAEA/FAO Seminar, Muguga, Kenya, 11–15 February, 1991. IAEA-TECDOC-634, IAEA, Vienna.Google Scholar
Laveissière, C., Couret, D. et Grebaut, P. (1987) Recherche sur les écrans pour la lutte contre les glossines en région forestière de Côte d'Ivoire. Mise au point d'un nouvel écran. Cah. ORSTOM, sér. Ent. méd. Parasit. 25, 145–164.Google Scholar
Laveissière, C., Eouzan, J. P., Grebaut, P. and Lemasson, J. J. (1990) The control of riverine tsetse. Insect Sci. Applic. 11, 427–441.Google Scholar
Laveissière, C. et Couret, D. (1981) Essai de lutte contre les glossines riveraines à l'aide d'écrans imprégnés d'insecticide. Cah. ORSTOM, sér. Ent. méd. Parasit. 19, 271–283.Google Scholar
Laveissière, C., Goûteux, J. P. et Couret, D. (1980a) Essais de méthodes de lutte contre les glossines en zone pré-forestière de Côte d'Ivoire. 1. Présentation de la zone, du matériel et des méthodes. Cah. ORSTOM, sér. Ent. méd. Parasit. 18, 229–243.Google Scholar
Laveissière, C., Gouteux, J. P. et Couret, D. (1980b) Essais de méthodes de lutte contre les glossines en zone pré-forestière de Côte d'Ivoire. 2. Résultats quantitatifs obtenus sur les populations de Glossina palpalis. Cah. ORSTOM, sér. Ent. méd. Parasit. 18, 245–259.Google Scholar
Laveissière, C., Gouteux, J. P. et Couret, D. (1980c) Essais de méthodes de lutte contre les glossines en zone pré-forestière de Côte d'Ivoire. 3. Résultats qualitatifs obtenus sur les populations de Glossina palpalis. Cah. ORSTOM, sér. Ent. méd. Parasit. 18, 307–314.Google Scholar
Laveissière, C., Grebaut, P. et Lemasson, J. J. (1991) La trypanosomiase humaine africaine: La lutte antivectorielle confiée aux paysants, pp. 223–232. In Twentieth Meeting of the International Scientific Council for Trypanosomiasis Research and Control, Mombasa, Kenya, 1989. OAU/IBAR, Nairobi.Google Scholar
Leskinen, J., Pohjonen, V. M. and Ali, M. S. (1997) Woody biomass inventory of Zanzibar Islands. Technical Paper No. 40. Vantaa, Finland, Metsähallitus Forest and Park Services. 103 pp.Google Scholar
Madubunyi, L. C. (1990) Ecological studies of Glossina austeni at Jozani forest, Unguja island, Zanzibar. Insect Sci. Applic. 11, 309–313.Google Scholar
Mérot, P., Politzar, H., Tamboura, I. et Cuisance, D. (1984) Résultats d'une campagne de lutte contre les glossines riveraines en Burkina Faso par l'emploi d'écrans imprégnés de deltaméthrine. Revue Elev. Méd. vét. Pays trop. 37, 175–184.Google Scholar
Moloo, S. K. (1993) The distribution of Glossina species in Africa and their natural hosts. Insect Sci. Applic. 14, 511–527.Google Scholar
Molyneux, D. H., Baldry, D. A. T., De Raadt, P., Lee, C. W. and Hamon, J. (1978) Helicopter application of insecticides for the control of riverine Glossina vectors of African human trypanosomiasis in the moist savannah zones. Ann. Soc. belge Méd. trop. 58, 185–203.Google ScholarPubMed
Oladunmade, M. A., Takken, W., Dengwat, L. and Ndams, I. (1985) Studies on insecticide impregnated targets for the control of riverine Glossina spp. (Diptera: Glossinidae) in the sub-humid savanna zone of Nigeria. Bull. ent. Res. 75, 275–281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Otieno, L. H., Onyango, P. and Mpanga, E. (1990) Effect of insecticide spraying operations on a Glossina pallidipes Austen (Diptera: Glossinidae) population and on animal trypanosomiasis in Lambwe Valley, Western Kenya. Discovery and Innovation 2, 97–102.Google Scholar
Randolph, S. E. and Rogers, D. J. (1984) Movement patterns of the tsetse fly Glossina palpalis palpalis (Robineau-Desvoidy) (Diptera:Glossinidae) around villages in the pre-forest zone of Ivory Coast. Bull. ent. Res. 74, 689–705.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saleh, K. M., Vreysen, M. J. B., Kassim, S. S., Suleiman, F. W., Juma, K. G., Zhu, Z. R., Pan, H., Dyck, V. A. and Feldmann, U. (1999) The successful application of the sterile insect technique (SIT) for the eradication of Glossina austeni (Diptera: Glossinidae) from Unguja island (Zanzibar). In Twenty Fourth Meeting of the International Scientific Council for Trypanosomosis Research and Control, Maputo, Mozambique, 1997. OAU/IBAR (in press).Google Scholar
Sokal, R. R. and Rohlf, F. J. (1995) Biometry. 3rd edition. W.H. Freeman, New York, 887 pp.Google Scholar
Spielberger, U., Na'Isa, B. K. and Abdurrahim, U. (1977) Tsetse (Diptera: Glossinidae) eradication by aerial (helicopter) spraying of persistent insecticides in Nigeria. Bull. ent. Res. 67, 589–598.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takken, W., Oladunmade, M. A., Dengwat, L., Feldmann, H. U., Onah, J. A., Tenabe, S. O. and Hamann, H. J. (1986) The eradication of Glossina palpalis palpalis (Robineau-Desvoidy) (Diptera: Glossinidae) using traps, insecticide-impregnated targets and the sterile insect technique in central Nigeria. Bull. ent. Res. 76, 275–286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torr, S. J., Holloway, M. T. P. and Vale, G. A. (1992) Improved persistence of insecticide deposits on targets for controlling Glossina pallidipes (Diptera: Glossinidae). Buil ent. Res. 82, 525–533.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, D. A. and Brightwell, R. (1986) An evaluation of a sequential aerial spraying operation against Glossina pallidipes Austen (Diptera: Glossinidae) in the Lambwe Valley of Kenya: Aspects of post-spray recovery and evidence of natural population regulation. Bull. ent. Res. 76, 331–349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, D. A. and Makishe, F. (1985) The distribution of Glossina austeni on Zanzibar, pp. 263–271. In Eighteenth Meeting of the International Scientific Council for Trypanosomiasis Research and Control, Harare, Zimbabwe, 1985. OAU/IBAR, Nairobi.Google Scholar
Van der Vloedt, A. M. V., Baldry, D. A. T., Politzar, H., Kulzer, H. and Cuisance, D. (1980) Experimental helicopter applications of Decamethrin followed by the release of sterile males for the control of riverine vectors of trypanosomiasis in Upper Volta. Insect Sci. Applic. 1, 105–112.Google Scholar
Vreysen, M. J. B., Khamis, I. and Van der Vloedt, A. M. V. (1996) Evaluation of sticky panels to monitor populations of Glossina austeni (Diptera: Glossinidae) on Unguja island of Zanzibar. Bull. eut. Res. 86, 289–296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vreysen, M. J. B., Mramba, F. and Khamis, I. (1992) Laboratory and field observations in relation to the release of sterile Glossina austeni on Unguja (Zanzibar) island, pp. 219–230. In Tsetse Control, Diagnosisand Chemotherapy Using Nuclear Techniques. Proceedings of an IAEA/FAO seminar, Muguga, Kenya, 11–15 Febr. 1991. IAEA-TECDOC-634, IAEA, Vienna.Google Scholar
Vreysen, M. J. B., Zhu, Z. R. and Saleh, K. (1998) Field responses of Glossina austeni to sticky panels on Unguja island of Zanzibar. Med. Vet. Eut. 12, 407–416.Google ScholarPubMed
Willemse, L. (1991) A trial of odour baited targets to control the tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans centralis (Diptera: Glossinidae) in west Zambia. Bull. ent. Res. 81, 351–357.CrossRefGoogle Scholar