Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T21:59:25.132Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Aspects of the biology of Orthezia insignis Browne (Ortheziidae: Homoptera) infesting Hamelia Sphaerocarpa Ruiz & Pav. (Rubiaceae) in Uganda—I. Life history

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

J. S. O. Epila
J. S. O. Epila
Affiliation:
Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
Get access

Abstract

Descriptions and morphometrics of the eggs and waxen structures on the nymphs and adults of Orthezia insignis are given. Architecturally, the waxen designs are similar throughout the nymphal instars but vary in the construction details. On the newly hatched (issued) nymphs only structural outlines are visible under a binocular microscope and on older instars, wax secretions become progressively more copious and conspicuous. At adult stage, the greatest amount of wax is used to construct the ovisacs. Reproduction was parthenogenetic and embryogenesis was characterized by three colour changes of the eggs: the white, newly laid eggs successively turn light yellow; bright yellow and then brown before eclosion. The frequency of nymphal issuance was influenced by the relative positions of the egg batches inside the sac. Nymphs hatching from eggs laid late in life, took longer to scramble out of the sac. Evidence deduced from the rate of nymphal issuance and the mean number of light yellow eggs at any given time, suggested that ovulation, embryogenesis and eclosion are probably synchronized biological activities in Orthezia.

Development of nymphs in the laboratory took approx. 42 days and was marked by three stadial stages. Morphometrics of the right metathoracic femurs from dead nymphs and exuviae reliably confirmed a similar developmental pattern in wild population.

Résumé

Les déscriptions et morphometriques des oeufs et des modèle de cire sur les nymphes et des adultes d'Orthezia insignis sont donnés. Architecturalement, les designes ondulenses sont semblables tout au long des procesus nymphales mais les details de construction se varient. Sur les nymphes nouvellement couchés, seuls les grandes structures sont visibles à l'aide de microscope binoculaire et sur les nymphes un peu développées les sécrétions des cires deviennent de plus en plus copieux et nettes. A l'étage avancée (l'âge d'adulte) la plus grande quantité des citres est utilise pour la construction d'ovisacs. La réproduction était parthénogenèse et l'embryogenèse était caractérisée par trois changement de couleurs des oeufs; les oeufs nouvellement couchés blanc en couleurs se changent en jaune légère; ensuite en jaune brillante et en brune avant l'éclosion. La fréquence d'accouchement des nymphes était influencée par les positions relatives des oeufs dans le sac. Les nymphes éclos des oeufs tardement accouchés, ont pris un peu plus long de sortir du sac. L'évidence déduit du nombre des nymphes éclos et le nombre moyen des oeufs jaune-légère, à un moment donné, a fait croire que l'ovulation, l'embryogenèse et l'éclosion sont probablement des procesus biologiquement synchronisés d'Orthezia.

Le dévéloppement des nymphes dans la laboratoire a pris approximativement 42 jours et était caractérisé par trois étapes stadiales. Les morphometriques des fumeurs métathoracique droits des nymphes mortes et l'exuviae ont certainement confirmé un système de developpement semblable à celles des éspèces sauvages.

Keywords

Orthezia insigniswaxen architecturereproductiondevelopmentmorphometricsHamelia sphaerocarpahost plantOrthezia insignisarchitecture de cireréproductiondévéloppementmorphometriquesHamelia sphaerocarpal'arbre hôte
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 7 , Issue 1 , February 1986 , pp. 53 - 59
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Anon (1967) Distribution Maps of Insect Pests, map no. 73. Eastern Press, London.Google Scholar
Batista, C. A. and Bezerra, J. L. (1966) Sobre o parasitismo de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. e outros fungos, em Orthezia praelonga. Douglas. Broteria 35, 67–74.Google Scholar
Beingolea, G. O. (1967) Notas sobre Orthezia olivocola n. sp. (Homopt: Ortheziidae), plaga del olivo en el Peru. Revta Peru. Ent. 8, 1–44.Google Scholar
Borror, D. J. and DeLong, D. M. (1970) An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 3rd edn.Holt, Rinehart & Winston. New York.Google Scholar
DeBach, P. (1964) Biological Control of Insect Pests and Weeds. Reinhold, New York.Google Scholar
Epila, J. S. O. (1986) Aspects of the biology of Orthezia insignis Browne (Ortheziidae: Homoptera) infesting Hamelia sphaerocarpa Rliiz & Pav. (Rubiaceae) in Uganda—II. Infestation and feeding behaviour. Insect Sci. Applic. 7, 61–67.Google Scholar
Fennah, R. G. (1963) Nutritional factors associated with seasonal population increase of cacao thrips, Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard) (Thysanoptera), on cashew, Anacardium occidentale. Bull. ent. Res. 53, 681–716.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, D. S. (1968) Agricultural Insect Pest of East Africa. Makerere University, Kampala.Google Scholar
Ibbotson, A. and Kennedy, J. S. (1950) The distribution of aphid infestation in relation to leaf age. II. The progress of Aphis fabae Scop, infestation on sugar beet in pots. Ann. appl. Biol. 37, 680–696.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, J. S., Ibbotson, A. and Booth, C. O. (1950) The distribution of aphid infestation in relation to leafage. I. Myzus persicae (Sulz.) and Aphis fabae Scop, on spindle trees and sugar beet plants. Ann. appl. Biol. 37, 651–679.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirkpatrick, T. W. (1957) Insect Life in the Tropics. Longmans-Green, London.Google Scholar
Laing, J. E. and Hamai, J. (1976) Biological control of insect pests and weeds by imported parasites, predators and pathogens. In Theory and Practice of Biological Control (Edited by Huffaker, C. B. and Messenger, P. S.), pp. 685–743. Academic Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LePelley, R. H. (1959) Agricultural Insect Pests of East Africa. E.A.H.C. Nairobi, Kenya.Google Scholar
Perkins, R. C. L. and Swezey, O. H. (1924) The introduction into Hawaii of insects that attack Lantana. Hawaii Sugar PL Ass. ent. Ser. Bull. 16, 1–53.Google Scholar
Puzzi, D. and Camargo, A. P. (1963) Estudo sobre a possi-lidade da adatacao climatica da Orthezia praelonga Douglas nos pomares de citros do Estado de Sao Paulo. Biologica 29, 81–85.Google Scholar
Schmutterer, H. (1968) Pests of Crops in Northeast and Central Africa, With Special Reference to the Sudan. Gustav Fisher Verlag, Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Simon, J. E., Gonzales, J. E., Olav, F. and Martin, R. (1964) Plagas y pesticidas en la campana agricola 1962–63. Bol. tec. Minist. Agric. Peru 50, 1–48.Google Scholar
Tyndale-Biscoe, M. and Hughes, R. D. (1968) Changes in the female reproductive system as age indicators in the bush fly Musca vetuslissima Wlk. Bull. ent. Res. 59, 129–141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wigglesworth, V. B. (1972) The Principles of Insect Physiology, 7th edn.Wiley, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar