Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T15:31:15.522Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Chemical aspects of Chilo partellus feeding on certain sorghum cultivars

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

Baldwyn Torto ,
Ahmed Hassanali  and
Kailash N. Saxena
Baldwyn Torto
Affiliation:
The International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P. O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya
Ahmed Hassanali
Affiliation:
The International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P. O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya
Kailash N. Saxena
Affiliation:
The International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P. O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya
Get access

Abstract

The feeding behaviour of third-instar larvae of Chilo partellus appear to be mediated by a complex profile of chemicals present in the whorls of sorghum. These chemicals were extracted sequentially into hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. Methanolic extracts showed greater feeding stimulation than ethyl acetate extracts and these in turn showed greater feeding stimulation than hexane extracts. Extracts derived from a more susceptible cultivar IS 18363 showed greater feeding stimulation than extracts from a less susceptible cultivar IS 2205.

Phagostimulatory compounds present in ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts include phenolics and sugars, respectively. Combinations of these sets of phagostimulants synergize to give enhanced feeding activity of third-instar larvae. Chromatographic examination of extracts of IS 18363 and IS 2205 showed quantitative rather than qualitative differences: the more susceptible cultivar IS 18363 had higher phenolic and sugar contents than the less susceptible cultivar IS 2205. These results suggest that Chromatographic quantification of the different sets of phagostimulants might constitute a basis for resistance screening of different cultivars of sorghum.

Résumé

Le comportement alimentaire de la troisième instar de larvae de Chilo partellus parait etre medier par un complexe profil de produits chimiques presents dans les verticilles de sorgho. Ces produits etaients extraits d'abord en hexane, puis en acetate ethylique et finalement en methanol.

Les larves ont prefere les extraits methanolique a ceux des acetate ethylique et les derniers étaient preferes a ceux d'hexane. Les extraits derives d'un cultivar plus susceptible IS 18363 etaient preferes au cultivar IS 2205. Les composes phagostimulants presents en acetate ethylique contiennent des phenoliques et des sucres. Les deux combines sont les plus preferes par les larves. Une examination chromatographique des extraits IS 18363 et IS 2205 ont montre une difference quantitative plus que qualitative: le cultivar IS 18363 qui etait le plus susceptible contenait une plus grande quantite de la phenolique et du sucre que le moins susceptible cultivar IS 2205. Ces resultats montrent que la quantification chromatographique des differents groupes de phagostimulants peuvent constituer une base pour l'examen de la resistance des different cultivar de sorgho.

Keywords

Chilo partellusSorghum bicolorphagostimulants
Type
Host Plant Resistance
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 11 , Special Issue 4-5: Tropical Stem Borers of Graminaceous Crops: A New Synthesis , October 1990 , pp. 649 - 655
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1990

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Alghali, A. M. (1985) Insect-host plant relationships. The spotted stalk borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and its principal host, sorghum. Insect Sci. Applic. 6, 315–322.Google Scholar
Dabrowski, Z. T. and Kidiavai, E. L. (1983) Resistance of some sorghum lines to the spotted stalk-borer, Chilo partellus under Western Kenya conditions. Insect Sci. Applic. 4, 119–126.Google Scholar
Dethier, V. G. (1982) Mechanisms of host plant recognition. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 31, 49–56.Google Scholar
Doss, R. P. and Shanks, C. H. (1984) Black vine weevil, Otiorhnychus sulcatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), phagostimulants from ‘Alpine’ strawberry. Environ. Entomol. 13, 691–695.Google Scholar
Dreyer, D. L., Reese, J. C. and Jones, K. C. (1981) Aphid feeding deterrents in sorghum. Bioassay, isolation and characterisation. J. Chem. Ecol. 7, 273–284.Google Scholar
Fisk, J. (1980) Effects of HCN, phenolic acids and related compounds in Sorghum bicolor on the feeding behaviour of the planthopper Peregrinus maidis. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 27, 211–222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jotwani, M. G. (1981) Insect resistance in sorghum plants. Insect Sci. Applic. 2, 93–98.Google Scholar
Ladd, T. L. (1986) Influence of sugars on the feeding response of Japanese beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). J. econ. Entomol. 79, 668–671.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, J. R. and Stricker, K. L. (1984) Finding and accepting host plants. In Chemical Ecology of Insects (Edited by Bell, W. J. and Cardré, R. T.), pp. 128–157. Chapman and Hall, London.Google Scholar
Seshu, Reddy K. V. (1985) Relative susceptibility and resistance of some sorghum lines to stem-borers in Western Kenya. Insect Sci. Applic. 6, 401–404.Google Scholar
Shanks, C. H. and Doss, R. P. (1987) Feeding responses by adults of five species of weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to sucrose and sterols. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 80, 41–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, B. U. and Rana, B. S. (1989) Varietal resistance in sorghum to spotted stem borer C. partellus (Swinhoe). Insect Sci. Applic. 10, 3–27.Google Scholar
Sutherland, O. R. W. (1977) Plant chemicals influencing insect behaviour. N. Z. Entomol. 6, 222–228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teetes, G. L., Seshu, Reddy K. V., Leuschner, K. and House, L. R. (1983) Sorghum insect handbook. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Info. Bull., No. 12, pp. 46–49, Patancheru, A. P., India.Google Scholar
Whitman, D. W. (1988) Allelochemical interactions among plants, herbivores, and their predators. In Novel Aspects of Insect-Plant Interactions (Edited by Barbosa, P. and Letourneau, D.), pp. 11–64. Wiley and Sons, New York.Google Scholar
Woodhead, S. and Bernays, E. A. (1978) The chemical basis of resistance of Sorghum bicolor to attack by Locusta migratoria. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 24, 123–144.Google Scholar
Woodhead, S. and Taneja, S. L. (1987) The importance of the behaviour of young larvae in sorghum resistance to Chilo partellus. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 45, 47–54.Google Scholar