Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T19:59:24.919Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Current status of conventional insecticides in stored product insect management in India

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

T. D. Yadav
T. D. Yadav
Affiliation:
Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi—110012, India
Get access

Abstract

DDT and BHC were used prior to 1954 as grain protectant but gradually malathion was adopted as prophylactic spray at 50 mg/m2. However, during the continuous usage, doses were enhanced up to 150 mg/m2 to meet the level of effective kill. Toxicity studies on different surfaces, seeds, moisture content level, different insects and stages and emergence of resistance were carried out with respect to malathion and several newer insecticides. DDVP was incorporated in spray schedule at 100 mg/m2. Toxicity data on 17 insecticides, three formulations, persistence on six surfaces and three seeds, tests on 13 insects have been utilized to evolve a strategy for future developments of a prophylactic insecticides. Demerits of switching to new insecticides without broad-based toxicity data have also been advocated. Insects, such as, larva of Trogoderma granarium Everts and adults of Tribolium castaneum (Hbst.), Rhizopertha dominica Fab., Callosobruchus maculatus Fab., Lasioderma serricorne Fab. and Sitophilus oryzae Linn, among beetles and Ephestia cautella (Wlk.) and Corcyra cephalonica Staint from moths were found least susceptible to most of the insecticides. Etrimfos and deltamethrin were adjudged superior for large scale use specially as wettable powder and adjudged suitable to sub-tropical conditions. The paper also provides information on currently used insecticides in India, methods of grain storage at rural and organized level and various constraints faced in the developing countries.

Résumé

Le DDT et le BHC ont été utilisés jusqu'en 1954 afin de protéger les récoltes. Un traitement prophylactique utilisant 50 mg/m2 de malathion les a peu à peu remplacés. Du à l'utilisation permanente de ces traitements les doses ont été élevées à 150 mg/m2 pour obtenir le seuil d'efficacité. Des études sur l'effet toxique du malathion sur différentes surfaces traitées même sur les récoltes, sur différents insectes, leurs stades et l'apparition de résistance contre le malathion et d'autres insecticides nouveaux ont été publiés. Le DDVP a été incorporé dans des programmes d'utilisation par spray (100 mg/m2). Des mesures de la toxicité de 17 insecticides, 3 formulations, la persistence sur 6 surfaces et 3 sortes de grains, des tests sur 13 insectes ont été utilisés pour élaborer une stratégie pour des développements d'insecticides prophylactiques d'avenir. L'utilisation d'insecticides nouveaux peut aussi présenter des désavantages, l'étude de leurs toxicités sur un grand nombre d'espèces est ainsi également recommandée. Des insects tels, les larves de Trogoderma granarium Everts et les adultes de Tribolium castaneum (Hbst.), Rhizopertha dominica Fab., Callosobruchus maculatus Fab., Lasioderma serricorne Fab. et Sitophilus oryzae Linn. parmi les coléoptères et Ephestia cautella (Wlk.) et Corcyra cephalonica Staint parmi les mites se sont montrés moins sensibles à la plupart des insecticides. Etrimphos et deltamethrin se sont montrés supérieurs pour le traitement massif particulièrment sous forme de poudre humide (conditions utilisables dans les régions sub-tropicales.) Cette communication contient aussi des informations concernant les insecticides utilisés aux Indes, sur les méthodes de stockage de récoltes au niveau rural et entreprises organisées, de même sur les différentes contraintes rencontrées dans les pays en voie de développement.

Keywords

Prophylacticimpregnated duststackphytotoxicresiduetoxicitybiological efficacydustemulsionseed treatmentwettable powderbioefficacyecological zonepersistenceinsecticidal specificitytolerantsusceptiblesub-lethal doseLC50toxicity ratiointernal larvaexternal larvaefficaceoussocio-economicinsect pest complextraditionalpest managementpackage of practicesresistancecost benefit ratio.
Type
Symposium VII: Conventional and Novel Pesticides in Tropical Pest Management
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 8 , Issue 4-5-6: Recent Advances in Research on Tropical Entomology , December 1987 , pp. 703 - 707
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Bhatia, S. K., Yadav, T. D. and Mookherjee, P. B. (1971) Malathion resistance in red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). J. stored Prod. Res. 7, 227–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bindra, O. S. and Sidhu, T. S. (1975) Effectiveness of malathion as a protectant for maize grains. Pesticides (Sept.) 7, 23–26.Google Scholar
Bindra, O. S. and Udeaan, A. S. (1973) Efficacy of malathion as a protection for wheat grains. Pesticides (Feb.) 11–14.Google Scholar
Girish, G. K., Goyal, R. K. and Krishnamurthy, K. (1971) Efficacy and residual toxicity of iodofenphos and malathion (5% dust) against stored grain pest-II. Pesticides 5, 18–20.Google Scholar
Pingale, S. V. and Majumder, S. K. (1955) Impregnation of jute bags for the insects free storage of foods—relative efficacy of some insecticides. CF.T.R.I. Bull, 4, 83–86.Google Scholar
Pawar, C. S. and Yadav, T. D. (1976) Effect of the organic diluents on the toxicity of malathion and baythion against Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) and C. chinensis (Linn.). Bull Grain Techn. 14, 211–218.Google Scholar
Pawar, C. S. and Yadav, T. D. (1980) Persistence of organophosphorus insecticides on different surfaces. Indian J. Ent. 42, 728–736.Google Scholar
Pawar, C. S. and Yadav, T. D. (1982) Toxicity of six organophosphorus insecticides against different age groups of Cadra cautella (Wlk.) and Corcyra cephalonica (Staint) Indian J. Ent. 44, 149–157.Google Scholar
Rahman, M. and Yadav, T. D. (1985a) Efficacy of delta-methrin, cypermethrin, permethrin and fenvalerate dust on three seeds with different moisture content stored in different containers upto 180 days against Callosobruchus maculatus Fab. and C. chinensis Linn. Seeds and Farms 12, 39–50.Google Scholar
Rahman, M. and Yadav, T. D. (1985b) Persistence of deltamethrin, cypermethrin, permethrin and fenvalerate on different surfaces. Bull. Grain Techn. 23, 103–110.Google Scholar
Rahman, M. and Yadav, T. D. (1985d) Efficacy of deltamethrin cyper methrin, permethrin and fenvalerate dusts losobruchus maculatus Fab. and C. chinensis Linn. Indian J. Ent. 47 (in press).Google Scholar
Rahman, M. and Yadav, T. D. (1985d) Efficacy of deltamethrin cyper methrin, permethrin and fenvalerate dusts against developmental stages of Callosobruchus maculatus Fab. and C. chinensis Linn. Indian J. Ent. 47 (in press).Google Scholar
Singh, S., Jha, A. N. and Yadav, T. D. (1983) Toxicity of dusts of DDT and lindane against beetle pests of stored seeds. Seed Res. 11, 91–94.Google Scholar
Yadav, T. D. (1973) Studies on the insecticidal treatments against bruchids, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) and C. chinensis (Linn.) damaging stored leguminous seeds. Ph.D. thesis. Agra University.Google Scholar
Yadav, T. D. (1979) Fate of malathion residue on seven pulse seeds. Indian J. Em. 41, 126–133.Google Scholar
Yadav, T. D. (1980) Toxicity of DDT and lindane against thirteen species of stored product insects. Indian J. Ent. 42, 671–674.Google Scholar
Yadav, T. D. (1985) Toxicity of deltamethrin, cypermethrin and permethrin against thirteen stored product insects. Indian J. Ent. 47 (in press).Google Scholar
Yadav, T. D. (1986) Toxicity of baythion and etrimfos against thirteen stored product insects. Indian J. Ent. 48 (in press).Google Scholar
Yadav, T. D. and Jha, A. N. (1985) Persistence of deltamethrin, cypermethrin and permethrin on storage surfaces. Pesticides 7, 28–30.Google Scholar
Yadav, T. D. and Kailasa Nathan, K. (1977) Suitability of climate and ecological zones in grain and seed storage in India. Seeds à Farms 3, 29–31.Google Scholar
Yadav, T. D., Pawar, C. S., Khanna, S. C. and Singh, S. (1980) Toxicity of organophosphorus insecticides against stored product beetles. Indian J. Ent. 42, 28–33.Google Scholar
Yadav, T. D., Singh, S., Khanna, S. C. and Pawar, C. S. (1982) Toxicity of dusts of organophosphorus insecticides against stored product beetles. Indian J. Ent. 46, 35–40.Google Scholar
Yadav, T. D., Singh, S., Khanna, S. C. and Mookherjee, P. B. (1979) Efficacy of grain protectants against larval stages of moth pests. Indian J. Plant. Prot. 7, 15–18.Google Scholar