Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T11:27:21.616Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Formulations for controlled-release of fenitrothion in water

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

Sh. M. I. Kassem ,
M. S. Saleh ,
M. I. Aly  and
Mona E. Abd Ellatif
Sh. M. I. Kassem
Affiliation:
Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
M. S. Saleh
Affiliation:
Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
M. I. Aly
Affiliation:
Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
Mona E. Abd Ellatif
Affiliation:
Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
Get access

Abstract

Laboratory evaluations were conducted for 94 weeks to compare, under static conditions, residue levels maintained in water treated with three polyvinyl chloride pellet formulations of fenitrothion. The results showed that foamed formulation (polyvinyl chloride + dioctyl phthalate + Triton X-100 + ammonium carbonate + citric acid + water + fenitrothion) gave the highest rates in the percentage of fenitrothion released followed by expanded formulation (polyvinyl chloride + dioctyl phthalate + Triton X-100 + fenitrothion), while non-expanded formulation (polyvinyl chloride + dioctyl phthalate + fenitrothion) gave the least.

The records indicated that increasing both the exposure time of formulations tested into the water and the percentage of active ingredient in the present formulations increased the amount of fenitrothion released from these formulations. However, all tested formulations gave low-initial rate of release.

The results showed that there were two rates of release of fenitrothion. In the first step, the non-expanded formulation gave a slow rate of release, expanded formulation gave a moderate rate of release, and foamed formulation gave a fast release. In the second step, the release rate of fenitrothion was slow for all tested formulations.

Résumé

Les évaluations faites au labouratoire durant 94 semaines pour comparer sous des conditions satables des niveaux résiduels maintenus dans l'eau traitée avec trois polyvinyl chloride formulations de fenitrothion. Les resultats ont montre que les formulations gonflées (polyvinyl chloride + dioctyl phthalate + Triton X-100 + ammonium carbonate – citric acid – eau + fenitrothion) ont donné les plus hauts degrés dans les pourcentages du fenitrothion detaché suivi par des formulations soit dilatées (polyvinyl chloride + diocytyl phthalate + Triton X-100 + fenitrothion), et non dilateés (polyvinyl chloride + dioctyl phthalate + fenitrothion). Les resultats ont indiqué que l'accroissement de deux du temps de le exposition de la formulation dans l'eau et le pourcentage de la matière active dans les formulations ont augmenté la quantité de la fenitrothion detachée.

Les resultats ont montré qu'il y a deux degrés de detachements de fenitrothion. Dans la premiere étape, la formulation non dilatée donna un degré lent de detachement tandis que la formulation dilatée donna un degré moderé de detachement et la formulation gonflee donna un degré rapide de detachement. En deuxieme étape, toutes les formulations ont donné un degré lent de detachement.

Keywords

Controlled-releasefenitrothionpolyvinyl chlorideresidue levelsTriton X-100
Type
Research Article
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 6 , Issue 5 , October 1985 , pp. 613 - 616
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1985

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Al-Biltagy, A. M. I. (1983) Studies on formulations of certain pesticides in relation to their toxicity. M.Sc. thesis. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, Egypt.Google Scholar
Anonymous (1963) Sumithion, Technical Manual, pp. 1–52. Sumitomo Chemical Co. Ltd, Osaka, Japan.Google Scholar
Miles, J. W. and Woehst, J. E. (1969) Formulations for controlled-release of abate in water. In Pesticidal Formulation Research. Advanced in Chemistry, Ser. No. 86, pp. 183–191. American Chemical Society, Washington.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nasef, O. B. and Kassem, Sh. M. I. (1981) Plastic formulations of urea. Alex. J. Agric. Res. 29, 1487–1497.Google Scholar
Saleh, M. S., Gaaboub, I. A. and Kassem, Sh. M. I. (1981) Larvicidal effectiveness of three controlled-release formulations of dursban and dimilin on Culex pipiens L. and Aedes aegypti (L.). J. agric. Sci., Camb. 97, 87–96.Google Scholar
Sciarra, J. and Patel, S. P. (1976) In vitro release of ther-apeutically active ingredient from polymer matrices. J. Pharmac. Sci. 65, 1519–1522.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitlaw, J. T. and Evans, E. S. (1968) Selected plastic formulations for use as mosquito larvicides. J. econ. Ent. 61, 889–892.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed