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Growth disruption activity of polar extracts from Kotschya uguenensis (Fabaceae) against Anopheles gambiae s.s. (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 December 2008

Ester Innocent ,
Cosam C. Joseph ,
Nicholas K. Gikonyo ,
Mayunga H.H. Nkunya  and
Ahmed Hassanali
Ester Innocent*
Affiliation:
Institute of Traditional Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, PO Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania icipe – African Insect Science for Food and Health, PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
Cosam C. Joseph
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, University of Dar es Salaam, PO Box 35061, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Nicholas K. Gikonyo
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmacy & Complementary/Alternative Medicine, Kenyatta University, PO Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
Mayunga H.H. Nkunya
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, University of Dar es Salaam, PO Box 35061, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Ahmed Hassanali
Affiliation:
icipe – African Insect Science for Food and Health, PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
*
*E-mail: einnocent@muhas.ac.tz
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Abstract

Studies on the larvicidal properties of extracts and fractions from Kotschya uguenensis Verdc. were done by long-term exposure of Anopheles gambiae s.s. larvae. The cumulative mean percentage mortalities and deformities at different concentrations for the extracts and fractions were recorded after every 24 h. Treatment of A. gambiae s.s. larvae with K. uguenensis extracts showed growth disruption by forming elongated guts and resulting in eventual death. Larvae treated with the methanol extracts from the stem and root barks, and fractions of the former extract attained complete mortality in 6–8 days at 50 and 100 ppm. More deformed larvae were observed from the methanol extract of the stem bark (40%) and methanol-soluble fraction (88%) than those treated with water-soluble fraction (22%) and methanol extract of the root bark (5%). The growth disruption may be associated with constituents in the plant that interfere with the normal endocrine system functions.

Keywords

Kotschya uguenensislarvicidelarval growth disruptionelongated gutlong-term exposureAnopheles gambiae s.s.
Type
Research Paper
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 28 , Issue 4 , December 2008 , pp. 220 - 224
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2009

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