Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-14T06:24:45.942Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Insecticides in the management of insect vectors of tropical disease

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

C. F. Curtis  and
J. D. Lines
C. F. Curtis
Affiliation:
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, U.K.
J. D. Lines
Affiliation:
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, U.K.
Get access

Abstract

Reasons for dissatisfaction with insecticidal control of disease vectors include their presumed harmfulness to non-target organisms, their cost and difficulties of organizing effective spraying programmes and physiological and behavioural resistance in vector populations. The validity of these objections and possible ways of resolving them are discussed. The importance of assessing the actual field impact of cases where resistance has been detected with laboratory tests is stressed. With regard to behavioural resistance, some data are presented on tests for genetic variation in the tendency of mosquitoes to rest outdoors and hence to avoid contact with sprayed walls. Most of the failures of insecticidal control of vectors can be attributed, not to problems of resistance, but to organizational difficulties. The impregnation of mosquito bed nets with pyrethroids, which householders can do for themselves, is therefore being field tested in several parts of the world. Such impregnation makes nets effective even when they are torn. This method will probably be particularly advantageous against mosquitoes which enter houses to feed, but do not rest on walls.

Résumé

Les raisons de mécontentement dans l'utilisation des insecticides pour le contrôle des vecteurs de maladie incluent: (i) leur probable toxicité vis à vis d'autres organismes, (ii) le coût et les difficultés pour organiser des programmes efficaces de pulvérisation, (iii) la résistance physiologique et le changement de comportement dans les populations des vecteurs. La validité des ces objections et les possibles façons de les résoudre sont discutées.

L'importance est mise sur l'évaluation de l'impact réel des cas où une résistance est détectée par des tests de laboratoire. Pour ce qui concerne les changements de comportement des populations de vecteur, quelques données sont présentées sur des tests de variation génétique sur la tendance des moustiques à rester dehors et delà éviter les contacts avec les murs traités. La plupart des échecs de contrôle par insecticide peuvent être attribués non pas aux problèmes de résistance mais aux difficultés d'organisation.

C'est pourquoi l'imprégnation des moustiquaires avec des pyrèthrinoïdes est testée dans plusieurs endroits du monde. Une telle imprégnation peut être faite par les villageois et rend les moustiquaires efficace même si elles sont déchirées. Cette méthode sera probablement avantageuse contre les moustiques qui entrent les maisons pour se nourrir mais n'y restent pas.

Keywords

Insecticidestropical diseasemosquitoesresistance managementbehavioural resistancemosquito netsInsecticidesmaladies tropicalesmoustiquesmoustiquairescontrôle de la résistancecomportement de résistance
Type
Symposium VII: Conventional and Novel Pesticides in Tropical Pest Management
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 8 , Issue 4-5-6: Recent Advances in Research on Tropical Entomology , December 1987 , pp. 709 - 714
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Barodji Shaw, R. F., Pradhan, G. D., Bang, Y. H. and Fleming, G. A. (1984) Community participation in the residual treatment of cattle sheds with pirimiphos methyl: a village-scale field trial. WHO mimeographed document WHO/VBC 84.987.Google Scholar
Blue Nile Health Project (1984) Annual Report p. 55.Google Scholar
Chadd, E. M. (1985) Electrostatic spraying: a new approach to pesticide application. Antenna (Bull. R. Ent. Soc. Lond.) 9, 23–24.Google Scholar
Coluzzi, M., Sabatini, A., Petrarca, V. and Di Deco, M. A. (1979) Chromosomal differentiation and adaptation to human environments in the Anopheles gambiae complex. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 73, 483–497.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Curtis, C. F., Keto, A., Ramji, B. D. and Iosson, I. (1984) Assessment of the impact of chlorpyrifos resistance in Culex quinquefasciatus on a control scheme. Insect Sci. Applic. 5, 263–267.Google Scholar
Curtis, C. F. and Lines, J. D. (1985) Impregnated fabrics against malaria mosquitoes. Parasitol. Today 1, 147.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Darriet, F., Robert, V., Tho Vien, N. and Carnevale, P. (1984) Evaluation of the efficacy of permethrin-impregnated intact and perforated mosquito nets against vectors of malaria. WHO mimeographed document WHO/VBC 84.899, WHO/Mal 84.1008.Google Scholar
Fleming, G. R., Barodji, , Shaw, R. F., Pradhan, G. D. and Bang, Y. H. (1983) A village scale trial of bendiocarb for the control of Anopheles aconitus. WHO mimeographed document WHO/VBC 83. 875.Google Scholar
Fletcher, T. E. (1960) The risk of toxicity. In Report on the Pare-Taveta malaria scheme 1954–1959. E. Afr. Inst. Malaria and Vector-borne Diseases.Google Scholar
Hemingway, J. (1983) Biochemical studies on malathion resistance in Anopheles arabiensis from Sudan. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 77, 477–480.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hii, J. L. K. (1985) Evidence for the existence of genetic variability in the tendency of Anopheles balabacensis to rest in houses and to bite man. S.E. Asian J. Trop. Med. Pubi. Health. 16, 173–183.Google ScholarPubMed
Kurtak, D. (1986) Insecticide resistance in the onchocerciasis control programme. Parasit. Today 2, 20–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lines, J. D., Lyimo, E. O. and Curtis, C. F. (1986) Mixing of indoor- and outdoor-resting adults of Anopheles gambiae s.l. and A.funestus in coastal Tanzania. Bull. ent. Res. 76, 171–178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lines, J. D., Myamba, J. and Curtis, C. F. (1987) Experimental hut trials of permethrin-impregnated mosquito nets and eave curtains against malaria vectors in Tanzania. Med. Vet. Ent. 1, 37–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Molineaux, L. and Gramiccia, G. (1980) The Garki Project. World Health Organization, Geneva.Google Scholar
National Research Council (1986) Strategies for the Management of Pesticide Resistance. National Academy Press, Washington.Google Scholar
Pattanayak, S., Samnotra, K. G. and Seni, A. (1980) A comparison on a village scale of pirimiphos-methyl and DDT on Anopheles balabacensis vectored malaria. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 83, 211–222.Google ScholarPubMed
Rawlings, P. and Curtis, C. F. (1982) Tests for the existence of genetic variability in the tendency of Anopheles culicifacies species B to rest in houses and to bite man. Bull. World Health Organ. 60, 427–432.Google Scholar
Rawlings, P., Davidson, G., Sakai, R. K., Rathor, H. R., Aslamkhan, M. and Curtis, C. F. (1981) Field measurement of the effective dominance of an insecticide resistance in anopheline mosquitoes. Bull. World Health Organ. 59, 631–640.Google Scholar
Sharma, V. P., Uprety, H. C., Nanda, N., Raina, V. K., Parida, S. and Gupta, V. K. (1982) Impact of DDT spraying on malaria transmission in villages with resistant Anopheles culicifacies. Ind. J. Malar. 19, 5–12.Google Scholar
Sharma, V. P. and Mehrotra, K. N. (1986) Malaria resurgence in India: a critical study. Soc. Sci. Med. 22, 835–845.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smies, M. (1980) Environmental impact of tsetse control/eradication operations. Trop. Pest Manage. 26, 237–240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snow, R. W., Jawara, M. and Curtis, C. F. (1987) Observations on Anopheles gambiae Giles s.l. during a trial of permethrin treated bed nets in the Gambia. Bull. ent. Res. 77, 279–286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vale, G. A., Bursell, E. and Hargrove, J. W. (1985) Catchingout the tsetse fly. Parasitol. Today 1, 106–110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization (1973) Safe use of pesticides. WHO Technical Reports Series no. 513.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (1985) Ten Years of Onchocerciasis Control in West Africa. OCP/GRA/85.1B.Google Scholar
De Zulueta, J. and Garrett Jones, C. (1963) An investigation of the persistence of malaria transmission in Mexico. WHO mimeographed document WHO/MAL/407.Google Scholar