Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T07:13:48.222Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

New strategies for quality assessment and Control of insects produced in artificial rearing systems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

J. P. R. Ochieng'-Odero
J. P. R. Ochieng'-Odero
Affiliation:
The International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P. O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya
Get access

Abstract

Quality assessment and control of artificially reared insects has been traditionally linked to how well the insects perform in their “intended role” or their “fitness for use”. This paper suggests that quality should be defined more in terms of success in survival and colonizing ability. It is argued that the rearing facility should be regarded as an “ecological habitat”. Differences between wild and artificially reared insect populations are therefore due to the different effects and demands placed on the insects by the two habitats. Assessment of quality and its subsequent control should be based on biological parameters that are constant in the two habitats like the larval critical weight (Lcw).

Résumé

L'évaluation de la qualité et le control des insectes artificiellement élèves ont été souvent liés à la performance de ceux-ci, dans leur “rôle habituel” ou leur aptitude lorsqu'ils sont utilises. Cet article suggère que la qualité devrait se définir plus en terme de succès dans l'habileté à survivre et à coloniser. Il est discuté que les facilités d'élevage devraient être considérées comme “habitat ecologique”. Les differences entre les populations d'insectes artificiciellement élévees d'une part, et celles trouvées dans la nature d'autres parts, sont ainsi dues aux effets et pressions exercés sur les insectes dans les deux habitats. L'évaluation de la qualité et son control ulterieur devraientêtre basés sur des paramètres biologiques tel que le poids critiques larvaire (Lcw).

Keywords

Colonizationlarval critical weightmetamorphosisqualityrearingreviewColonisationpoids critique larvairemetamorphosequalitéélévagerevision
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 11 , Issue 2 , April 1990 , pp. 133 - 141
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1990

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Agee, H. R. (1977) Instrumentation and techniques for measuring the quality of insect vision using the electroretinogram. U.S. Dept. Agric. Tech. Bull. ARSS Ser. 162.Google Scholar
Agee, H. (1986) Laboratory-reared boll weevils (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) are visually impaired. J. econ. Entomol. 79, 900–902.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Al-izzi, A. J. M., Maliky, S. A. and Jabbo, N. F. (1987) Culturing the Carob moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), on an artificial diet. J. econ. Entomol. 80, 277–280.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alley, D. A. and Hightower, B. G. (1966) Mating behaviour of the screw-worm fly as affected by differences in strain and size. J. econ. Entomol. 59, 1499–1502.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bartlett, A. C. (1984) Genetic changes during insect domestication. In Advances and Challenges in Insect Rearing (Edited by King, E. G. and Leppla, N. C.), pp. 2–8. U. S. Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS) Publishers.Google Scholar
Bartlett, A. C. (1985) Guidelines for genetic diversity in laboratory colony establishment and maintainance. In Handbook of Insect Rearing (Edited by Singh, P. and Moore, R. F.), Vol. I, pp. 7–17. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Bhaskaran, G., Jones, G. and Jones, D. (1980) Neuroendocrine regulation of corpus allatum activity in Manduca sexta: Sequential neurohormonal and nervous inhibition in the last-instar larva. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 4407–4411.Google Scholar
Boller, E. F. (1972) Behavioral aspects of mass-rearing of insects. Entomophaga 17, 9–25.Google Scholar
Boller, E. F. (1979) Behavioral aspects of quality in insectary production. In Genetics in Relation to Insect Management (Edited by Hoy, M. A. and MacKelvey, J. J.), pp. 153–160. Rockefeller Foundation.Google Scholar
Boller, E. F. and Chambers, D. L. (1977a) Quality aspects of mass-reared insects. In Biological Control by Augmentation of Natural Enemies (Edited by Ridway, R. L. and Vinson, S. B.), pp. 219–235. Plenum Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boller, E. F. and Chambers, D. L. (Editors) (1977b) A Quality Control: An Idea Book or Fruit Fly Workers. Bull. SROP, WPRS.Google Scholar
Boller, E. F., Katsoyannos, B. S., Remund, U. and Chambers, D. L. (1981) Measuring, monitoring and improving the quality of mass-reared Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratias capitata Wied.: I. The RAPID quality control system for early warning. Z. Angew. Entomol. 92, 67–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brewer, F. D. (1983) Evaluation of selected parameters as quality control criteria for mass producing a tobacco budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 76, 339–342.Google Scholar
Bush, G. L. (1979) Ecological genetics and quality control. In Genetics in Relation to Insect Management (Edited by Hoy, M. A. and MacKelvey, J. J.), pp. 145–152. Rockefeller Foundation.Google Scholar
Bush, G. L. and Neck, R. W. (1976) Ecological genetics of the screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae), and its bearing on the quality control of mass-reared insects. Environ. Entomol. 5, 821–826.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chambers, D. L. (1975) Quality in mass-produced insects. In Controlling fruit flies — The Sterile Insect Technique, IAEA, Vienna, pp. 19–32.Google Scholar
Chambers, D. L. (1977) Quality control in mass rearing. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 22, 289–308.Google Scholar
Chambers, D. L. (1980) Review: SIRM with special reference to quality control. Proc. of Symposium on Fruit Fly Problems, Nat. Inst. Agric. Sci. pp. 1–5.Google Scholar
Chambers, D. L. and Ashley, T. R. (1984) Putting the control in quality control in insect rearing. In Advances and Challenges in Insect Rearing (Edited by King, E. G. and Leppla, N. C.), pp. 256–260. U. S. Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS) Publishers.Google Scholar
Curtis, C. F. (1985) Genetic control of insect pests: Growth industry or lead balloon? Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 26, 359–374.Google Scholar
Dobzhansky, T. (1970) Genetics of the Evolutionary Process. Columbia University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Futuyma, D. J. (1984) Evolutionary Biology. 2nd Edition. Sinauser Assoc, Sunderland, Mass. USA.Google Scholar
Fisher, W. R. (1983) Quality Control of Mass-reared Lepidoptera using the Fall Armyworm, Spodopterafrugiperda (J. E. Smith), as a model. Ph. D. thesis. University of Florida.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilbert, L. I., Bollenbacher, W. E., Goodman, W., Smith, S. L., Agui, N., Granger, N. and Sedlak, S. J. (1980) Hormones controlling insect metamorphosis. In Recent Progress in Hormone Research (Edited by Monder, C. and Bradlow, H. L.), Vol. 36, pp. 401–449. Academic Press.Google Scholar
Gunn, A. and Gatehouse, A. G. (1986) The effect of adult feeding on lipid and protein reserves in African army worm, Spodoptera exempta, moths before and during reproduction. Physiol. Entomol. 11, 423–431.Google Scholar
Hooper, G. H. S. (1987) Effect of pupation environment on the quality of pupae and adults of the Mediterranean fruit fly. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 44, 155–159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huettel, M. D. (1976) Monitoring the quality of laboratory-reared insects: A biological and behavioural perspective. Environ. Entomol. 5, 807–814.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hughes, R. D., Jones, R. E. and Gutierrez, A. P. (1984) Short term patterns of population change: The life system approach to study. In Ecological Entomology (Edited by Huffaker, C. B. and Rabb, R. L.), pp. 309–357. John Wiley & Sons, New York.Google Scholar
Jones, D., Jones, G. and Hammock, B. D. (1981) Growth parameters associated with endocrine events in larval Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) and timing of these events with developmental markers. J. Insect Physiol. 27, 779–788.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joslyn, D. J. (1984) Maintainance of genetic variability in reared insects. In Advances and Challenges in Insect Rearing (Edited by King, E. G. and Leppla, N. C.), pp. 20–29. U. S. Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS) Publishers.Google Scholar
Knipling, E. G. (1966) Introduction. In Insect Colonisation and Mass Production (Edited by Smith, C. N.), pp. 1–12. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Knipling, E. F. (1984) What colonisation of insects means to research and pest management. In Advances and Challenges in Insect Rearing (Edited by King, E. G. and Leppla, N. C.), pp. ix–xi. U. S. Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS) Publishers.Google Scholar
van Lenteren, J. C. (1986) Parasitoids in the greenhouse: Success with seasonal inoculative release systems. In Insect Parasitoids (Edited by Waage, J. and Greathead, D.), pp. 341–374. Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
Leppla, N. C., Huettel, M. D., Chambers, D. L. and Turner, W. K. (1976) Comparative life history and respiratory activity of “wild” and colonised carribbean fruit flies (Dipt.: Tephritidae). Entomophaga 21, 353–357.Google Scholar
Leppla, N. C., Guy, R. H., Chambers, D. L. and Workman, R. B. (1980) Laboratory colonisation of a noctuid moth. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 73, 568–571.Google Scholar
Leppla, N. C., Huettel, M. D., Chambers, D. L., Ashley, T. R., Miyashita, D. H., Wong, T. T. Y. and Harris, E. J. (1983) Strategies for the colonisation and maintainance of the mediterranean fruit fly. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 33, 89–96.Google Scholar
Loukas, M., Economopoulos, A. P., Zouros, E. and Vergini, Y. (1985) Genetic changes in artificially reared colonies of the olive fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 78, 159–165.Google Scholar
Mason, L. J., Pashley, D. P. and Johnson, S. J. (1987) The laboratory as an altered habitat: Phenotypic and genetic consequences of colonisation. Florida Entomol. 70, 49–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayr, E. (1963) Animal Species and Evolution. Belknap Press, Cambridge, Mass.Google Scholar
Moore, R. F., Odell, T. M. and Calkins, C. O. (1985) Quality assessment in laboratory-reared insects. In Handbook of Insect Rearing (Edited by Singh, P. and Moore, R. F.), Vol. I, pp. 107–135. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Nijhout, H. F. (1975) A threshold size for metamorphosis in the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (L.). Biol. Bull. (Woods Hole) 149, 214–225.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nijhout, H. F. (1979) Stretch-induced moulting in Oncopeltusfasciatus. J. InsectPhysiol. 25, 277–281.Google Scholar
Nijhout, H. F. (1981) Physiological control of moulting in insects. Am. Zool. 21, 631–640.Google Scholar
Nijhout, H. F. and Williams, C. M. (1974a) Control of moulting and metamorphosis in the tobacco homworm, Manduca sexta (L.): Growth of the last instar larva and the decision to pupate. J. Exp. Biol. 61, 481–491.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nijhout, H. F. and Williams, C. M. (1974b) Control of moulting and metamorphosis in the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (L.): Cessation of pupation. J. Exp. Biol. 61, 493–501.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ochieng', R. S. and Bungu, M. D. O. (1983) Studies in the legume pod-borer Maruca testulalis (Geyer) IV. A model for mass rearing: Rearing on artificial diet. Insect Sci. Applic. 4, 83–88.Google Scholar
Ochieng', R. S., Otieno, L. H. and Banda, H. K. (1987) Performance of the tsetse fly Glossina pallidipes reared under simple laboratory conditions. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 45, 265–270.Google Scholar
Ochieng'Odero, J. P. (1988) Aspects of the life cycle, biological performance and quality of the black lyre leafroller “Cnephasia” jactatana (Walker). Ph.D. Thesis, University of Auckland, New Zealand.Google Scholar
Robertson, F. W. (1965) The analysis and interpretation of population differences. In The Genetics of Colonizing Species (Edited by Baker, H. G. and Stebbins, G. L.), pp. 95–113. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Safranek, L. and Williams, C. M. (1980) Studies of the prothoracicotropic hormone in the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. Biol. Bull. (Woods Hole) 158, 141–153.Google Scholar
Safranek, L. and Williams, C. M. (1984) Critical weights for metamorphosis in the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. Biol. Bull. (Woods Hole) 167, 555–567.Google Scholar
Singh, P. and Ashby, M. D. (1985) Insect rearing management. In Handbook of Insect Rearing (Edited by Singh, P. and Moore, R. F.), Vol. I, pp. 185–215. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Slansky, F. Jr and Scriber, J. M. (1985) Food consumption and utilisation. In Comprehensive Insect Biochemistry and Pharmacology Regulation: Digestion, Nutrition, Excretion (Edited by Kerkut, G. A. and Gilbert, L. I.), Vol. IV, pp. 87–163. Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Spates, G. E. and Hightower, B. G. (1967) Sexual aggressiveness of male screw-worm flies affected by laboratory rearing. J. econ. Entomol. 60, 752–755.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wagner, M. R., Clancy, K. M. and Kirkbride, D. M. (1987) Predicting number of oocytes in adult western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis (Lepidotera: Tortricidae). Environ. Entomol. 16, 551–555.Google Scholar
Williams, C. M. (1975) Juvenile hormone…in retrospect and in prospect. In The Juvenile Hormones (Edited by Gilbert, L. I.), pp. 1–14. Plenum Press, New York.Google Scholar
Woodring, J. P. (1983) Control of moulting in the house cricket, Acheta domesticus. J. Insect Physiol. 29, 461–464.Google Scholar