Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T06:57:59.388Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Population Dynamics of the Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) in Northwestern Ethiopia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

Melaku Wale
Melaku Wale
Affiliation:
Adet Research Centre, P. O. Box 8, Bahir Dar, Ethiopiaarari@telecom.net.et
Get access

Abstract

Once a minor pest, the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) has recently become a major pest of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) in Ethiopia, particularly in the northwestern region. To determine the population dynamics of the pest, field experiments were carried out at Adet and Zema in northwestern Ethiopia in 1994, 1995 and 1996. Treatments were planting dates at 15-day intervals in May, June and July and sampling was carried out weekly until crop maturity. Combined ANOVA, over seasons and locations, showed significant effects of sowing dates, seasons and locations. Pea aphid populations increased and decreased with delay in planting at Adet and Zema, respectively. At Adet, peaks of weekly counts of aphid numbers were observed in August and seasonal totals of aphids on individual planting dates increased as planting was delayed. At Zema, peaks of weekly counts of aphid numbers were observed in mid-July (1996), late August and early September (1995) and mid-September (1994); peas planted on June 16 gave the lowest seasonal totals of aphids. Natural enemies (predators and parasitoids) appeared in considerable numbers in 1996 and these tended to increase as planting date was delayed. For most planting dates and years, weekly aphid populations showed positive correlation with maximum temperature, and negative correlation with minimum temperature and relative humidity. Increasing maximum temperature promoted the buildup of aphid populations while increased minimum temperature, rainfall and relative humidity suppressed it. Grain yield increased and decreased as planting date was delayed at Adet and Zema, respectively. From these results, it is recommended that planting of field peas should take place from mid- to late June at Adet and during the first week of June at Zema to obtain higher yields; by doing so a mean of 0.32 t/ha and 0.50 t/ha higher yield was obtained, respectively.

Résumé

Autrefois, ravageur mineur, le puceron du pois, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) est devenu depuis peu un ravageur important des champs de petits pois (Pisum sativum L.) en Ethiopie, en particulier dans la province du Nord Ouest. Afin de préciser la dynamique des populations du ravageur, des expérimentations au champ ont été conduites à Adet et Zema dans le Nord Ouest de l'Ethiopie, en 1994, 1995 et 1996. Les parcelles d'essais ont été plantées à 15 jours d'intervalle en mai, juin et juillet et les échantillonnages ont été réalisés chaque semaine jusqu'à la récolte. Une analyse par ANOVA factorielle sur les saisons et les localités, montre des effets significatifs des dates de semis, des saisons et des localités. Les populations du puceron du pois augmentent et diminuent sur les semis tardifs respectivement à Adet et Zema. A Adet, les effectifs maximum hebdomadaires de pucerons ont été observés en août et le nombre total de pucerons par date de semis est d'autant plus important que la date du semis est tardive. A Zema, les effectifs maximum hebdomadaires de pucerons ont été observés à la mi-juillet (1996), fin août et début septembre (1995) et mi-septembre (1994); les parcelles semées le 16 juin ont eu les plus faibles effectifs de pucerons. Le nombre d'ennemis naturels (prédateurs et parasitoïdes) a été considérable en 1996 et il tend à augmenter lorsque la date du semis est tardive. Pour la plupart des dates de semis et des années, les effectifs de pucerons hebdomadaires, sont corrélés positivement avec la température maximale, négativement avec la température minimale et l'humidité relative. Une augmentation de la température maximale favorise l'accroissement des effectifs du puceron, alors qu'une diminution de la température minimale et une augmentation de la pluviométrie et de l'humidité relative est défavorable. Le rendement augmente et diminue sur les semis tardifs respectivement à Adet et Zema. A partir de ces résultats, on recommande de semer les champs de petits pois la seconde quinzaine du mois de juin à Adet et pendant la première semaine de juin à Zema afin d'obtenir les meilleurs rendements; une telle pratique culturale permet d'augmenter respectivement les rendements de 0,32 t/ha et 0.50 t/ha.

Keywords

field peaPisum sativumpea aphidAcyrthosiphon pisumpopulation dynamicsnorthwestern Ethiopiachamp de petits poisPisum sativumpuceron du poisAcyrthosiphon pisumdynamique des populationsNord Ouest de l'Ethiopie
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 22 , Issue 2 , June 2002 , pp. 131 - 137
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2002

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Abate, T. (1991) Entomophagous arthropods of Ethiopia: a catalog, 50 pp. Technical manual No. 4. Inst. Agric. Res. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Google Scholar
Abate, T., Gebremedhin, T. and Ali, K. (1982) Arthropod Pests of Grain Legumes in Ethiopia: Their Importance and Distribution. Inst. Agric. Res. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 56 pp.Google Scholar
Abate, T., Negassi, F. and Ali, K. (1986) A review of grain legume pest management research in Ethiopia, pp. 327–344. In Proceedings of 1st Crop Protection Symposium, 4–9 February 1985. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Edited by Abate, T.). Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Google Scholar
Ali, K. (1997) Economic threshold for pea aphid. Pest. Manage. J. Ethiopia 1(1&2), 63–68.Google Scholar
Ali, K. and Gebremedhin, T. (1990) Pea aphid: An important pest of field pea. IAR Newsletter of Agricultural Research 5 (1), 1–2.Google Scholar
Ali, K. and Habtewold, T. (1994) Research on insect pests of, cool season food legumes, pp. 367–398. In Cool-Season Food Legumes of Ethiopia. Proceedings of the First National Cool-Season Food Legumes Review Conference, 16–20 December 1993, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Edited by Tilaye, A., Bejiga, G., Saxena, M.C. and Solh, M. B.). ICARDA/Institute of Agricultural Research. ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria.Google Scholar
Andarge, A. and Birhan, A. (1998) Research on insect pests and diseases in North Shewa, pp. 140–155. In Agricultural Research and Technology Transfer Attempts and Achievements in Northern Ethiopia. Proceedings of the Fourth Technology Generation, Transfer and Gap Analysis Workshop, 18–21 March 1997, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia (Edited by Seboka, B. and Deresa, A.). Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organisation (EARO), Addis Ababa.Google Scholar
Beyene, H., Nigatu, W. and Woldemariam, S. (1994) Smallholder production practices and constraints in Ethiopia, pp. 19–30. In Cool-Season Food Legumes of Ethiopia. Proceedings of the First National Cool-Season Food Legumes Review Conference, 16–20 December 1993, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Edited by Tilaye, A., Bejiga, G., Saxena, M.C. and Solh, M.B.). ICARDA/Institute of Agricultural Research. ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria.Google Scholar
Crowe, T. J. and Ali, K. (1983) A checklist of aphids recorded in Ethiopia (Homoptera: Aphididae). IAR Entomol. Bull. No. 3, second revised edition. IAR, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 9 pp.Google Scholar
[CSA] Central Statistical Authority (1987) Time series data on area, production and yield of major crops, 1979/80–1985/86. Statis. Bull. 56. Central Statistical Authority (CSA), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Google Scholar
[CSA] Central Statistical Authority (1991/1992). Results of area and production for private holdings. Statis. Bull. 104. Central Statistical Authority (CSA), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Google Scholar
Debela, S. (1989) Brief remarks on grass pea production in Ethiopia. The grass pea, threat and promise, pp. 147–151. In Proc. International Network for the Improvement of Lathyrus sativus and the Eradication of Lathyrism (Edited by Spencer, P. S.). Third World Medical Research Foundation, New York.Google Scholar
Gebremedhin, T. (1990) Loss assessment study for pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) (Harris) infestation of field pea, pp. 75–83. In Proc. 10th Annual Meeting of the Committee of Ethiopian Entomologists (CEE), 7–9 February 1990, Addis Ababa. CEE, Addis Ababa.Google Scholar
Gottwald, R. (1970) The aphids in lucerne seed crops with special reference to the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris). Archiv fur Pflanzenschupz 6, 499–514.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haile, F. (1994) Effect of sowing dates on the incidence of pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum, Harris) on lentil, p. 30. In Proc. 1st Annual Conference: Crop Protection Society of Ethiopia (CPSE), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. (Edited by Bekele, E., Semeane, Y., Habtewold, T., Kebede, M. and Bekele, K.). CPSE, Addis Ababa.Google Scholar
Hodek, I. (1967) Bionomics and ecology of predaceous Coccinellidae. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 12, 79–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[IAR] Institute of Agricultural Research (1987) Research progress report for the period 1986/87. Holeta Research Centre. IAR, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Google Scholar
[NSIA] National Seed Industry Agency (1998) Crop variety register, 102 pp. Issue No. 1. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Google Scholar
[NSIA] National Seed Industry Agency (1999) Crop Variety Register, 302 pp. Issue No. 2. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Google Scholar
Tadesse, W. (1998) Improvement of food legumes and their role for sustainable agricultural development in northwestern Ethiopia, pp. 46–52. In Agricultural Research and Technology Transfer Attempts and Achievements in Northern Ethiopia. Proceedings of the Fourth Technology Generation, Transfer and Gap Analysis Workshop, 18–21 March 1997, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia (Edited by Seboka, B. and Deresa, A.). Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organisation (EARO), Addis Ababa.Google Scholar
Tamaki, G. and Weeks, R. E. (1972) Efficiency of three predators, Geocoris bullatus, Nabis americoferus, and Coccinella spp., used alone or in combination against three insect prey species in a greenhouse study. Environ. Entomol. 1, 258–263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tilaye, A., Bejiga, G. and Berhe, A. (1994) Role of coolseason food legumes and their production constraints in Ethiopian agriculture, pp. 3–18. In Cool-Season Food Legumes of Ethiopia. Proceedings of the First National Cool-Season Food Legumes Review Conference, 16–20 December 1993, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Edited by Tilaye, A., Bejiga, G., Saxena, M.C. and Solh, M.B.). ICARDA/Institute of Agricultural Research. ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria.Google Scholar
Wale, M., Assayehegne, B. and Mengistu, F. (1998) Research on insect pests and diseases of field crops in northwestern Ethiopia, pp. 89–96. In Agricultural Research and Technology Transfer Attempts and Achievements in Northern Ethiopia. Proceedings of the Fourth Technology Generation, Transfer and Gap Analysis workshop, 18–21 March 1997, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia (Edited by Seboka, B. and Deresa, A.). Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organisation (EARO), Addis Ababa.Google Scholar
Way, M.J. and Banks, C.J. (1968) Population studies on the active stages of the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae Scop., on its winter hosts. Ann. App. Biol. 62, 177–197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar