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Progress and future prospects in utilisation of host plant resistance in the control of insect pests of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata in Africa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

S. Oghiakhe
S. Oghiakhe
Affiliation:
Crop Pests Research Programme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Mbita Point Field Station, P.O. Box 30, Mbita, Kenya
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Abstract

Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., is susceptible to a wide spectrum of insect pests from seedling to harvest as well as in storage. Insecticide use has been the most commonly adopted method for the control of cowpea pests. However, due to the deleterious effects of insecticides on man, livestock and the environment, research over the years has been focused mainly on developing resistant/tolerant cultivars as a vital component in the integrated management of cowpea pests. This approach has, however, recorded varying degrees of success, due in part to the multiple and often overlapping pest complex attacking at different phenological growth stages of the crop.

In spite of the progress in the utilisation of insect-resistant cowpea varieties, the use of resistance as a control tactic has by no means been fully realised. There are many important cowpea insect pests for which resistant varieties are not yet available for commercial cultivation. Where resistant varieties are available for a given insect, these varieties may not be widely planted because of their unsuitability to local conditions.

In this paper, the status of host plant resistance research in cowpea is reviewed and some novel approaches aimed at solving its seemingly intractable pest problem are proposed, based on the state-of-the-art scientific and crop biotechnological development. The proposed framework for orientation of cowpea resistance research should ensure yield stability and sustainability for the resource-poor, smallscale farmers in Africa.

Résumé

Le niébé Vigna unguiculata L. (Walp.), est susceptible à une large gamme d'insectes ravageurs qui l'attaquent depuis le semis jusqu'à la récolte aussi bien qu'en emmagasinage. L'utilisation d'insecticides a été la méthode de lutte la plus utilisée contre les ravageurs du niébé. Toutefois, suite à des effets néfastes des insecticides sur l'homme, le bétail et l'environnement, la recherche à été, depuis des années, principalement centrée sur la sélection de variétés tolérantes/résistantes comme composante essentielle dans la lutte intégrée contre les ravageurs du niébé. Cette approche a toutefois connus des degrés de succès variés, suite en partie au caractère multiple et souvent imbriqué du complexe des ravageurs qui attaquent la plante aux différents stades phénologiques de sa croissance.

Malgré le progès de l'utilisation des variétés de niébé résistantes aux insectes, l'usage de la résistance comme tactique de lutte n'a pas du tout été pleinement réalisé. Il y a beaucoup d'insectes qui sont d'important ravageurs du niébé pour lesquels les variétés résistantes ne sont pas encore disponibles pour la culture commerciale. Là où des variétés résistantes sont disponibles pour un insecte donné, elles peuvent ne pas être plantées à grande échelle à cause de leur inaptitude à s'accommoder aux conditions locales. Dans cet article, l'état de la recherche sur la résistance de la plante hôte est revue et quelques nouvelles approches visant à résoudre le problème apparemment insoluble du ravageur sont proposées sur base l'état actuelle des connaissances scientifiques et du développement de la biotechnologie de la plante.

La cadre proposée pour l'orientation de la recherche sur la résistance du niébé devrait assurer la stabilité de la récolte pour de petits fermiers africains sans resource.

Keywords

host plant resistanceinsect pestsideotypecowpea (Vigna unguiculata)plant architecturetrichomesbiotechnologyantibiosisnon-preferencetolerancerésistance de la plante hôteinsects ravageursidéotypeniébé (Vigna unguiculata)architecture de la plantetrichomesbiotechnologieantibiosenon-préférencetolérance
Type
Mini Review
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 16 , Issue 2 , June 1995 , pp. 123 - 143
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1995

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