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Resolving the taxonomic status of Frankliniella schultzei (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) colour forms in Kenya – a morphological-, biological-, molecular- and ecological-based approach

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 June 2016

M. W. Gikonyo ,
S. Niassy ,
G. B. Moritz ,
F. M. Khamis ,
E. Magiri  and
S. Subramanian
M. W. Gikonyo
Affiliation:
Plant Health Division, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Juja, Kenya
S. Niassy
Affiliation:
Plant Health Division, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
G. B. Moritz
Affiliation:
Faculty of Natural Sciences I, Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
F. M. Khamis
Affiliation:
Plant Health Division, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
E. Magiri
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Juja, Kenya
S. Subramanian*
Affiliation:
Plant Health Division, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
*
*E-mail: ssubramania@icipe.org
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Abstract

Frankliniella schultzei Trybom is a polyphagous pest and vector of tospoviruses worldwide. It occurs in dark and pale colour forms that are morphologically similar but differ in vector competency and geographic spread. In Kenya and other tropical regions, mixed populations of both colour forms are observed in similar habitats, so are considered as one species. To ascertain the taxonomic status of the two colour forms, they were characterized using morphological, molecular, biological and ecological approaches. Morphological characterization revealed differences between the colour forms on eight features and they separated into distinct clusters through principal component analysis. Restriction fragment length polymorphism of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS-RFLP) analysis revealed differences between the two colour forms and was confirmed by differences in ITS2 sequences. Virgin pale females had female offspring (thelytoky), while virgin dark females had male offspring (arrhenotoky). Interbreeding of dark males with pale females resulted in pale females, indicating absence of interbreeding between the two colour forms. Laboratory colonies of pale forms lacked males and further analysis of F. schultzei males from Ipomoea setosa flowers in the field indicated the presence of dark males and the absence of pale males. Field surveys in Kenya indicated differences in distribution and host plant preferences among the colour forms. Lack of interbreeding, distinct host preferences and distribution, and morphological and molecular differences indicate that the two colour forms of F. schultzei could be different species. The results highlight the need for combining morphological, biological, molecular and ecological characteristics for resolving taxonomic status of closely related insects.

Keywords

Common blossom thripscolour formsITS-RFLPITS2parthenogenesisinterbreedingmorphometry
Type
Research Paper
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 37 , Special Issue 2: Thrips and Tospovirus Management in East Africa , June 2017 , pp. 57 - 70
Copyright
Copyright © icipe 2016 

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