Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T00:07:05.299Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Social problems in pest management in the tropics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

Dale G. Bottrell
Dale G. Bottrell
Affiliation:
University of California, Berkeley, Consortium for International Crop Protection, 2288 Fulton Street, Suite 310, Berkeley, California 94704, U.S.A.
Get access

Abstract

Use of synthetic organic chemical pesticides introduced after World War II has resulted in a number of health, environmental, and socioeconomic problems discussed here. Both developed and developing countries have been affected. The problems in the developing countries of the tropics came about largely because of an error in transfer of technology. Pesticide technology developed by and for use in the developed countries was exported to countries with cultures and social structures that were not prepared to absorb this technology. Integrated pest management (IPM), an approach that reduces pest damage to tolerable levels through a variety of techniques, including natural enemies, genetically resistant crops, environmental modifications, and, when necessary and appropriate, chemical pesticides, represents an important trend toward rational management of crop pests in the developing countries. However, simply exporting IPM ‘packages’ from developed to developing countries would also be an error in transfer of technology. Each situation must be evaluated individually under actual farming conditions, and the IPM program must be tailored for the particular group of intended beneficiaries. Some of the interrelated social, attitudinal and institutional factors that should be evaluated are discussed.

Keywords

Socioeconomicssocial factorspest managementintegrated pest managementcrop protectiontropicsinterdisciplinary requirementssubsistence agriculturedeveloping countries
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 4 , Special Issue 1-2: Crop-Borers and Emerging Strategies for their Control , June 1983 , pp. 179 - 184
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1983

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Adkisson, P. L. (1973) The principles, strategies, and tactics of pest control in cotton. In Insects: Studies in Population Management (Edited by Geier, P. W., Clark, L. R., Anderson, D. J. and Nix, H. A.), pp. 274–283. Ecol. Soc. Aust. (memoirs 1), Canberra.Google Scholar
Bottrell, D. G. and Smith, R. F. (1982) Integrated pest management. Environ. Sci. Technol. 16, 282A–288A.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brader, L. (1979) Integrated pest control in the developing world. A. Rev. Ent. 24, 225–254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapin, G. and Wasserstrom, R. (1981) Agricultural production and malaria resurgence in Central America and India. Nature, Lond. 293, 181–185.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Copplestone, J. F. (1977) A global view of pesticide safety. In Pesticide Management and Insecticide Resistance (Edited by Watson, D. L. and Brown, A. W. A.), pp. 147–155. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Davies, J. E., Smith, R. F. and Freed, V. (1978) Agromedical approach to pesticide management. A. Rev. Ent. 23, 353–366.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
FAO/UNEP (1980) Comments on the pest control crisis in Sudanese cotton production. Rep. Ninth Session FAO/UNEP Panel of Experts on Integrated Pest Control. 3 pp. F.A.O., Rome.Google Scholar
Flint, M. L. and van den Bosch, R. (1981) Introduction to Integrated Pest Management. Plenum Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Georghiou, G. P. (1980) Implications of the development of resistance to pesticides: basic principles and consideration of countermeasures. Proc. Seminar and Workshop, Pest and Pesticide Management in the Caribbean (Edited by Gooding, E. G. B.), pp. 116–129. Consortium Int. Crop Protection, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Glass, E. H. and Thurston, H. D. (1978) Traditional and modern crop protection in perspective. Bioscience 28, 109–115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haskell, P. T., Beacock, T. and Wortley, P. J. (1981) Worldwide socioeconomic constraints to crop protection, pp. 39–41. Proc. IX Int. Congr. Plant Protection. Vol. 1. Plant Protection: Fundamental Aspects. Entomol. Soc. Amer., College Park.Google Scholar
Hildebrand, P. E. (1981) Generating technology for traditional farmers—the Guatemalan experience, pp. 31–38. Proc. IX Int. Congr. Plant Protection. Vol. 1. Plant Protection: Fundamental Aspects. Entomol. Soc. Amer. College Park.Google Scholar
ICAITI (1977) An Environmental and Economic Study of the Conseguences of Pesticide Use in Central American Cotton Production. Instituto Centroamericano de Investigacion y Tecnologia Industrial Final Rep., UN Environ. Program Proj. Nos. 0205–73–002 and 0108–75–007.Google Scholar
IOBC (1981) IOBC Special Issue, Int. Organ. Biol. Control Noxious Animals and Plants. Centre Overseas Res. London.Google Scholar
Jennings, P. R. (1976) The amplification of agricultural production. Scient. Am. 235, 180–194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Metcalf, R. L. (1980) Changing role of insecticides in crop protection. A. Rev. Ent. 25, 219–256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NAS (1975) Pest Control: An Assessment of Present Alternative Technologies. Vol. 1. Contemporary Pest Control Practices and Prospects: The Report of the Executive Committee. Natl. Acad. Sci., Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
NAS (1977) Supporting Papers: World Food and Nutrition Study. Vol. 1, Natl. Acad. Sci., Washington. D.C.Google Scholar
Norgaard, R. B. (1976) The economics of improving pesticide use. A. Rev. Ent. 21, 45–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
PBS (1981) Pesticides and Pills for Export Only. Part 1. Pesticides. Transcript of Television Broadcast on Public Broadcasting Service (Oct. 5), New York.Google Scholar
Revelle, R. (1976) The resources available for agriculture. Scient. Am. 235, 164–178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riding, A. (1977) Free use of pesticides in Guatemala takes a deadly toll. New York Times, p. 2, (Nov. 9), New York.Google Scholar
Ruthenberg, H. (1976) Farming Systems in the Tropics. Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Smith, R. F. (1979) Global impacts of U.S. pesticide assistance and training programs. In Proc. U.S. Strategy Conf. on Pesticide Management, pp. 48–51. U.S. Dep. State and U.S. Natl. Comm. Man and the Biosphere, Washington. D.C.Google Scholar
Smith, E. H. (1983) Integrated pest management (IPM)—specific needs of developing countries. Insect Sci. Application 4, 173–177.Google Scholar
Smith, R. F. and Adkisson, P. L. (1979) Expanding horizons of integrated pest control in crop production. In IX Int. Congr. Plant Protection, Proceedings: Open Session and Plenary Session Symposium, pp. 29–30. Entomol. Soc. Amer., College Park.Google Scholar
USDA (1981) Food Problems and Prospects in Sub-Saharan Africa—The Decade of the 1980s. U.S. Dep. Agr., Econ. Res. Ser., Foreign Agr. Res. Rep. No. 166.Google Scholar
Wortman, S. (1976) Food and agriculture. Scient. Am. 235, 30–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar