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Spatio-temporal Distribution and Enumerative Sampling of the Pink Borer, Sesamia cretica Led. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in Maize Fields in Egypt

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

P. Moyal ,
M. M. El-Said  and
M. M. Mosad
P. Moyal*
Affiliation:
IRD/CNRS, Laboratoire PGE, Bat 13, BP1, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
M. M. El-Said
Affiliation:
Insect Virology Laboratory, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, P.O. Box 26, Giza, Egypt
M. M. Mosad
Affiliation:
Insect Virology Laboratory, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, P.O. Box 26, Giza, Egypt
*
E-mail: moyal@pge.cnrs-gif.fr
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Abstract

Surveys for population densities of the maize borer Sesamia eretica Led. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were conducted for three consecutive years (1997–1999) in several localities of the Nile delta in Egypt, in order to get a better insight into the population dynamics of the pest and to propose rational basis for its biocontrol using a recently isolated granulovirus. High population densities (more than one borer per plant) were observed only in the first plantings after winter (first fortnight of April). After this peak, populations almost vanished until the end of the crop season (September-October) when a slight increase was observed (0.1 borer per plant). The drastic decrease in population densities in plantings from the end of April occurs because most final instars of the borer leave the plant to pupate in the soil. This behaviour, uncommon in maize borers, results in a very high mortality rate due mainly to pupal parasitism. Only the few larvae pupating in the stem, which are much less parasitised, give rise to adults. Spatial distribution was studied using Taylor's power laws which enabled the elaboration of enumerative sampling plans for eggs, small larvae (1st and 2nd instars) and older ones. Fixed optimal sample size and sequential sampling plans for different precision levels were developed. The precision of the estimated sample size was checked using resampling of some of the data that were not used to build the models. The validation study showed that the plans were suitable for the entire Nile delta region.

Résumé

Un suivi des densités de population du foreur du maïs Sesamia cretica Led. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) a été réalisé durant trois années consécutives (1997–1999) dans plusieurs localités du delta du Nil en Egypte dans le but de mieux comprendre la dynamique des populations du ravageur et de fournir une base rationnelle pour la mise en oeuvre d'une méthode de lutte à l'aide d'un granulovirus recemment isolé. De fortes densités de population (plus de 1 foreur par plant) n'ont été observées que dans les cultures semées dès la fin de l'hiver (première quinzaine d'avril). Après ce pic, on observe une quasi-disparition des populations jusqu'à la fin de la saison culturale (septembre-octobre) où un léger accroissement de densité se produit (0.1 foreur par plant). La chute brutale des densites de population dans les cultures semées à partir de fin avril a pu être expliquée par le fait que la plupart des larves de dernier stade quittent la plante pour se nymphoser dans le sol. Ce comportement, inhabituel chez les foreurs du maïs, a pour conséquence une très forte mortalité due principalement au parasitisme nymphal. Le taux de parasitisme des rares larves se nymphosant dans les tiges est Beaucoup plus faible. Très peu d'adultes émergent, provenant uniquement des larves non parasitées se nymphosant dans la tige. La distribution spatiale du ravageur a été étudiée à l'aide de la loi de puissance de Taylor, qui a permis l'élaboration de plans d'échantillonnage énumératifs pour les oeufs, les jeunes larves (1er et 2nd stade) et les larves plus agées. Des tailles d'échantillons optimales pour différents niveaux de précision ont été établies à l'aide de plans d'échantillonnage fixes et séquentiels. La précision de la taille d'échantillon estimée a été testée à l'aide du rééchantillonnage d'une partie des données qui n'avait pas été utilisée pour la construction des modèles. Cette étude de validation a montré que les plans étaient applicables pour l'ensemble du delta du Nil.

Keywords

pink borerSesamia creticamaizepopulation dynamicssamplingEgyptSesamia creticamaïsdynamique des populationséchantillonnageEgypte
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 22 , Issue 1 , March 2002 , pp. 29 - 40
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2002

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