Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T16:01:18.919Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Status and control of the Stem Borer, Chilo partellus Swinhoe (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Southern Africa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

S. Z. Sithole
S. Z. Sithole
Affiliation:
Ministry of Lands, Agriculture and Rural Resettlement, Department of Research and Specialist Services, Plant Protection Research Institute, Box 8100, Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe
Get access

Abstract

Lepidopterous stem borers constitute one of the major constraints to cereal crop production in southern Africa. Chilo partellus Swinhoe, is an economically important stem borer of maize and sorghum. Current research status on C. partellus is reviewed and substantial advances in the distribution, bioecology and control strategies are discussed. Present work on the assessment of crop losses, elucidation of mechanisms of resistance, development of resistant crop cultivare, feasibility of biological control measures and the implementation of other stem borer management methods are reported. Further areas of research into the management of C. partellus are identified.

Résumé

Les lepidopteres terebrante de la tige constituent l'une des contraintes principales en ce quinoncerne la production cerealiere en Afrique australe. Chilo partellus Swinhoe est un insecte terebrant d'importance economique s'attaquant au mais et au sorgho. L'etat de lar recherche actuelle sur C. partellus est en cours d'examen et l'on discute actuellement des progres substantiels de lutte. On fait etat travaux en cours sur l'evaluation des pertes au niveau des cultures, la comprehension des mecanismes de resitance, la mise au point de cultivars restants, la faisabilite methodes de controle biologique et la mise en oeuvre d'autres methodes de gestion de cet insecte. On est en cours d'identifiction d'autres domaines de recherche sur la gestion du C. partellus.

Keywords

Chilo partellusstem borermaizesorghumdistributionbioecologycontrol strategiescrop lossesChilo partellusinsecte terebrantmaissorghodistributionbio-ecologiestrategies de luttepertes au niveau des cultures
Type
Status and Control of Chilo spp. in Different Regions
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 11 , Special Issue 4-5: Tropical Stem Borers of Graminaceous Crops: A New Synthesis , October 1990 , pp. 479 - 488
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1990

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Berger, A. (1981) Relatorio Annual 1980/1981. Controle biologico da broca pnteada, Chilo partellus, Swinhoe no milho com a bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis. Estudo do dinamico da populacao da praga e avaliacao dos prejuices por eia causados. FAO/MOZ/75/009. Institute Nacional da Investigacao Agronomica, Maputo, Mozambique.Google Scholar
Berger, A. (1989) Ballooning activity of Chilo partellus larvae in relation to size of mother, egg batches, eggs and larvae and age of mother. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 50, 125–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapman, R. F., Woodhead, S. and Bernays, E. (1983) Survival and dispersal of young larvae of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in two cultivars of sorghum. Bull. entomol. Res. 731, 65–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evaristo, N. (1967) Ensaios de insecticidas no cultura do milho. Campanha agricola de 1968–69. Agronomia Mocambicana 4, 103–114.Google Scholar
Girling, D. J. (1978) Distribution and biology of Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and its relationship to other stem borers in Uganda. Bull, entomol. Res. 68, 471–488.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goncalves, L. (1970) A. broca milho Chilo partellus Swinhoe (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) em Mocambique. Contribuicao para o sen estudo. Agron. Mocambicana 4, 239–426.Google Scholar
Kabuswe, M. L. (1986) Crop Pests in Zambia. In Proc. of the International Working Group on the Implementation of the African Regional Pest Management Research and Development Network (Pestnet) for Integrated Control of Crop and Livestock Pests, Nairobi, Kenya, 22–26 June, 1986. pp. 45–47.Google Scholar
Manthez, F. C. (1972) Chilo partellus Swinhoe, C. partellus orichalcociliella Strand. (Lep. Crambidae) and Sesamia calamistis Hmps. (Lep. Noctuidae) on maize in the Coast Province, Kenya. Mitt. Schweiz Entomol. Geg. 45, 267–289.Google Scholar
Matthee, J. J. (1974) Pests of Graminaceous crops in South Africa. Entomol. Mem. Dep. Agric. Tech. Sen., Rep. S. Afr., No. 40.Google Scholar
Mohyuddin, A. I., and Greathead, D. J. (1970) An annotated list of the parasites of graminaceous stem borers in East Africa, with a discussion of their potential in biological control. Entomophaga 15, 241–274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nunes, E., Sousa, D. and Sataric, I. (1985) Research on the constraints to maize production in Mozambique. In To Feed Ourselves: A Proc. of the First Eastern, Central and Southern Africa Regional Maize Workshop held at Lusaka, Zambia, 10–17 March 1985.Google Scholar
Ogwaro, K. (1983) Intensity levels of stalk borers in maize and sorghum and the effect on yield under different intercropping patterns. Insect Sci. Applic. 4, 33–37.Google Scholar
Revington, J. (1986) This borer spreads rapidly through crops of maize and sorghum on the Highveld. But it can be controlled. S. Afr. Farmers' Wkly., October 24, 1986.Google Scholar
Roome, R. E. (1975) The biology and control of Chilo partellus Swin., the sorghum stalkborer. Crop Protection in Botswana. Biennial Rep. 1969–1971, Ministry of Agriculture, Botswana.Google Scholar
Roome, R. E. (1980) Dispersal of newly hatched Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) larvae from sorghum cultivars. Z. Angew. Entomol. 90, 174–180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sithole, S. Z. (1986) Research priorities in food crop pests in Zimbabwe. In Proc. of the Int. Working Group on the Implementation of the African Regional Pest Management Research and Development Network (Pestnet) for Integrated Control of Crop and Livestock Pests, Nairobi, Kenya, 22–26 June, 1986. pp. 49–52.Google Scholar
Sithole, S. Z. (1988b) Distribution of Lepidopterous stem borers of sorghum in Zimbabwe. In Proc. of the Regional Workshop on Sorghum and Millets for Southern Africa held 20–24 September, 1988, Maseru, Lesotho.Google Scholar
Sithole, S. Z. (1989a) Maize stem borers—yield loss and damage caused by maize stem borers in Eastern, Central and Southern Africa. Commonwealth Science Council Marlborough House Pall, London SW1Y 5HX, UK. October, 1988. In Crop Protection For Small-Scale Farms in East and Central Africa—a Review (Edited by Prinsely, R. T. and Terry, P. J.), pp. 72–83.Google Scholar
Sithole, S. Z. (1989b) Sorghum stem borers in southern Africa. In International Workshop on Sorghum Stem Borers, 17–20 Nov. 1987; ICRISAT Centre, India. Patancheru, A. P. 502 324, India: ICRISAT. pp. 41–47.Google Scholar
Sithole, S. Z., de Milliano, W. A. J., Kaula, G., Motalaote, B., Mtisi, E., Kunene, S. and Le pheana, F. T. M. (1986) The insect pest situation in sorghum and research station in some SADCC countries during the 1985/86 cropping season. In Proc. of the Third Regional Workshop on Sorghum and Millets for Southern Africa held 6–10 October, 1986, Lusaka, Zambia, pp. 375–381.Google Scholar
Skoroszewski, R. W. and Van Hamburg, H. (1987) The release of Apanteles flavipes (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) against stalk borers of maize and grain sorghum in South Africa. J. Entomol. Soc. S. Afr. 504, 249–255.Google Scholar
Taysum, D. H. (1980) Annu. Rep. Phytopathol., 1980 FAO/INIA.Google Scholar
Van Hamburg, H. (1976) Die bionomie en ekonomiese be angrikheid van die graansorghumstamruspe Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Ph.D. Thesis, University of Pretoria.Google Scholar
Van Hamburg, H. (1979) The grain sorghum stalk borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): Seasonal changes in adult populations in grain sorghum in the Transvaal. J. Entomol Soc. S. Afr. 42, 1–9.Google Scholar
Van Hamburg, H. (1980) The grain sorghum stalkborer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): Survival and location of larvae at different infestation levels in plants of different ages. J. Entomol. Soc. S. Afr. 43, 71–76.Google Scholar
Van Hamburg, H. (1986) A biological control approach to pest management in grain crops with special reference to the control of stalk borers. In Proc. of the Seventh South African Maize Breeding Symposium, 18–19 March 1986, organized and sponsored by the Dept. of Agric. and Water Supply held at Potchefstroom, Summer Grain Centre—Technical Communication No. 212. pp. 52–55.Google Scholar
Van Rensburg, G. D. J. and Malan, E. M. (1982) Control of sorghum pests and phytotoxic effect of carbofuran on five hybrids of grain sorghum. Phytophylactica 14, 159–163.Google Scholar
Van Rensburg, G. D. J. and Riana, Bate (1986) Preliminary studies on the relative abundance and distribution of stalk borers Busseolafusca and Chilo partellus. In Proc. of the Seventh South African Maize Breeding Symposium, 18–19 March 1986 organized and sponsored by the Department of Agriculture and Water Supply held at Potchefstroom, Summer Grain Centre—Technical Communication No. 212. pp. 49–52.Google Scholar
Van Rensburg, G. D. J. and Drinkwater, T. W. (1987) The Maize Stalkborer: Farming in South Africa—Maize D. 3/1987. Summer Grain Centre, Potchefstroom. Directorate of Agriculture Information, Private Bag X144, Pretoria, 0001. Republic of South Africa, pp. 1–7.Google Scholar
Van Rensburg, J. B. J. (1980) Selective oviposition by the maize stalk borer, Busseola fusca (Fuller)—Proc. Congr. Entomol. Soc. S. Afr. No. 3, 23–24.Google Scholar
Van Rensburg, N. J. and Van Hamburg, H. (1975) Grain sorghum pests: An integrated control approach. Proc. of the Congress of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 1, 151–162.Google Scholar
Walters, M. C and Drinkwater, T. W. (1975) Preliminary studies on the application of systemic insecticides to the soil for the control of the maize stalk borer, Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lep.: Noctuidae). Phytophylactica 7, 121–124.Google Scholar