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Studies on the Immune Defence of Chickens against Argas persicus (Oken) 1818 and Cattle against Boophilus annulatus Say, 1821 (Acari: Ixodoidea)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

Kawther M. El Kammah  and
Kouka S. E. Abdel Wahab
Kawther M. El Kammah
Affiliation:
Zoology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
Kouka S. E. Abdel Wahab
Affiliation:
Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, AI Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Abstract

Studies were conducted into the development of anti-tick vaccines against two tick species, namely Boophilus anniilatus Say, 1821 and Argas persicus (Oken) 1818, which, respectively, are responsible for high economic losses in the cattle and chicken industries in Egypt. Repeated infestation of spring chicken with Argas persicus females stimulated 35.9 % resistance to tick feeding compared to 20.4 % in controls. This resistance was associated with the presence of antibody activity to tick salivary gland antigens. There was increase of both the chicken serum total protein and the number of protein bands separated by SDS-PAGE, which suggested an increase in immunoglobulins. Chicken resistance to tick feeding was also induced by repeated injection (vaccination) with crude Argas persicus salivary gland antigens, with intramascular injection being more efficient at inducing immunity than subcutaneous injection.

Prolonged infestation with Boophilus annulatus ticks induced immunity in cattle. Salivary gland and gut crude extracts of cattle exposed to the ticks contained antigenic proteins, with dominant 66 and 150 KDa glycoproteins. Antibodies against the two extracts or PAGE-separated antigens were detected in cattle that resisted tick feeding. Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) was also detected. The immune response was strong in non-infested Bos indicus and Bos indicus × Bos taurus Linneaeus, 1766 crossbreeds with low infestation, and weak in heavily infested Bos taurus.

Résumé

Des études ont été menées pour la mise au point de vaccins anti-tiques contre deux espèces de tiques, Boophilus annulatus Say, 1821 et Argas persicus (Oken) 1818, qui sont responsables respectivement de pertes économiques importantes dans la production de bovins et de poulets en Egypte. Des infestations répétées de poussins avec des femelles d'Argas persicus stimulent la résistance aux repas des tiques (35,9%) comparé aux témoins (20,4%). Cette résistance est associée à la présence d'anticorps contre les antigènes des glandes salivaires de tiques. On observe à la fois une augmentation des protéines totales du sérum des poussins et du nombre de bandes protéiniques séparées par SDS-PAGE, ce qui suggèrent une augmentation des immunoglobulines. La résistance des poussins aux repas des tiques est également induite par des injections répétées (vaccination) d'extraits bruts d'antigènes de glandes salivaires d'Argas persicus. Les injections intramusculaires induisent plus efficacement l'immunité que les injections souscutanées.

Des infestations prolongées avec des tiques de l'espèce Boophilus annulatus induisent une immunité du bétail. Les extraits bruts de glande salivaire et d'estomac de bovins exposés aux tiques contiennent des protéines antigéniques avec une majorité de glycoprotéines à 66 et 150 KDa. Des anticorps contre les deux extraits ou des antigènes séparés par PAGE sont détectés chez les bovins qui résistent aux repas des tiques. La réponse immunitaire est forte chez Bos indicus non infesté et chez les croisements Bos indicus × Bos taurus faiblement infestés et, faible chez Bos taurus fortement infesté.

Keywords

ticksBoophilus annulatusArgas persicuscattlechickenanti-tick vaccinetiquesBoophilus annulatusArgas persicusbovinspouletsvaccins anti-tiques
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 23 , Special Issue 1: Novel Approaches to Tick and Mite Management in Africa , March 2003 , pp. 75 - 83
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2003

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