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José Isabel Salas Galindo and Others: United States (Inter-Am. Comm'n H.R.)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 September 2019

Rosa Celorio
Rosa Celorio*
Affiliation:
Associate Dean for International and Comparative Legal Studies and Burnett Family Professional Lecturer in International and Comparative Law and Policy, George Washington University Law School. Former Senior Human Rights Attorney, Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.
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Extract

On October 5, 2018, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR or Commission) issued its long-awaited decision in the case of José Isabel Salas Galindo and Others concerning the United States. The case is related to the U.S. military intervention in Panama on December 20, 1989, which resulted in the ouster of General Manuel Noriega Moreno, the country's ruler at the time. This U.S. military operation—better known as “Operation Just Cause”—has been the subject of extensive commentary historically and wide reflection on the number of casualties, effects, legality, and scope.

Type
International Legal Documents
Information
International Legal Materials , Volume 58 , Issue 4 , August 2019 , pp. 738 - 822
Copyright
Copyright © 2019 by The American Society of International Law 

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References

ENDNOTES

1 See generally José Isabel Salas Galindo and Others (United States), Case 10.573, Inter-Am. Comm'n H.R., Report No. 121/18 (2018) [hereinafter Salas and Others]; Inter-Am. Comm'n H.R., Press Release, No. 258/18, IACHR Publishes Report No. 121/18, Case 10.573—José Isabel Salas Galindo and Others, Concerning the United States (Dec. 3, 2018), http://www.oas.org/en/iachr/media_center/PReleases/2018/258.asp.

2 See, e.g., Ved P. Nanda, The Validity of United States Intervention in Panama under International Law, 84 AJIL 496, 496–502 (1990); John Quigley, The Legality of the United States Invasion of Panama, 15 Yale J. Int'l L. 284–310 (1990); R.W. Apple Jr., Fighting in Panama: The Implications; War: Bush's Presidential Rite of Passage, N.Y. Times (Dec. 21, 1989), https://www.nytimes.com/1989/12/21/world/fighting-in-panama-the-implications-war-bush-s-presidential-rite-of-passage.html.

3 Salas and Others, supra note 1, ¶ 1.

4 Id. ¶ 6.

5 Id. ¶ 1.

6 Id. ¶ 5.

7 Id. ¶¶ 113–20; G.A. Res. 44/240, Effects of the Military Intervention by the United States of America in Panama on the Situation in Central America (Dec. 29, 1989); Human Rights Watch, Human Rights in Post-Invasion Panama: Justice Delayed Is Justice Denied (1991); Physicians for Human Rights, Operation Just Cause: The Human Cost of Military Action in Panama (1991).

8 See Santo Domingo Massacre v. Colombia, Preliminary Objections, Merits and Reparations, Judgment, Inter-Am. Ct. H.R. (ser. C) No. 239, ¶¶ 23–24 (Nov. 30, 2012); Inter-Am. Comm'n H.R., Truth, Justice, and Reparation: Fourth Report on Human Rights Situation in Colombia, OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc. 49/13 ¶¶ 203–39 (Dec. 31, 2013).

9 Salas and Others, supra note 1, ¶¶ 323, 332.

10 Id. ¶ 389.

11 Id. ¶¶ 111–12.

12 See The Environment and Human Rights, Advisory Opinion OC 23/17, Inter-Am. Ct. H.R., Series A No. 23 ¶¶ 81–104 (Nov. 15, 2017); Inter-Am. Comm'n H.R., Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendent Communities and Natural Resources: Human Rights Protection in the Context of Extraction, Exploitation, and Development Activities, OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc. 47/15 ¶¶ 77, 80 (Dec. 31, 2015).

13 Salas and Others, supra note 1, ¶¶ 312–13.

14 See generally Rosa Celorio, Discrimination and the Regional Human Rights Protection Systems: The Enigma of Effectiveness, 40 U. Penn. J. Int'i L. (forthcoming 2019).