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Is psychotherapy for depression equally effective in younger and older adults? A meta-regression analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 December 2008

Pim Cuijpers ,
Annemieke van Straten ,
Filip Smit  and
Gerhard Andersson
Pim Cuijpers*
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Psychology and EMGO Institute, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Annemieke van Straten
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Psychology and EMGO Institute, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Filip Smit
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Psychology and EMGO Institute, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Gerhard Andersson
Affiliation:
Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Linköping University, Sweden Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Professor Pim Cuijpers, Department of Clinical Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Phone: +31 20 5988757; Fax: +31 20 5988758. Email: p.cuijpers@psy.vu.nl.
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Abstract

Background: It is well established that psychotherapy is effective in the treatment of depression in younger as well as in older adults. Whether these psychotherapies are equally effective in younger and older age groups has not been examined in meta-analytic research.

Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search and included 112 studies with 170 comparisons between a psychotherapy and a control group (with a total of 7,845 participants). Twenty studies with 26 comparisons were aimed at older adults.

Results: We found no indication that psychotherapies were more or less effective for older adults compared to younger adults. The effect sizes of both groups of comparisons did not differ significantly from each other (older adults: d = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.49~0.99; younger adults: d = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.58~0.76). In a multivariate meta-regression analysis, in which we controlled for major characteristics of the participants, the interventions and the study designs, no indication of a difference between psychotherapy in younger and older adults was found.

Conclusions: There appears to be no significant difference between psychotherapy in younger and older adults, although it is not clear whether this is also true for clinical samples, patients with more severe depression, and the older old.

Keywords

meta-analysisdepressionmajor depressive disorderpsychological treatmentpsychotherapyolder adults
Type
Review Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 21 , Issue 1 , February 2009 , pp. 16 - 24
Copyright
Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2008

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