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Validation study of the Camberwell Assessment of Need for the Elderly (CANE) in Portugal

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2008

Lia Fernandes ,
Manuel Gonçalves-Pereira ,
António Leuschner ,
Sónia Martins ,
Margarida Sobral ,
Luís F. Azevedo ,
Cláudia Dias ,
Raimundo Mateos  and
Martin Orrell
Lia Fernandes*
Affiliation:
Psychiatry Service of Hospital S. João / UNIFAI/ICBAS, University of Oporto, Portugal
Manuel Gonçalves-Pereira
Affiliation:
Department of Mental Health, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, FCM–UNL, Portugal
António Leuschner
Affiliation:
Hospital Magalhães Lemos / Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, Portugal
Sónia Martins
Affiliation:
Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
Margarida Sobral
Affiliation:
Hospital Magalhães Lemos / Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, Portugal
Luís F. Azevedo
Affiliation:
Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oporto, Portugal
Cláudia Dias
Affiliation:
Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oporto, Portugal
Raimundo Mateos
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry (USC) and CHUS University Hospital, Santiago Compostela, Spain
Martin Orrell
Affiliation:
Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London, U.K.
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Lia Fernandes, Rua de Ceuta, 53-1°, 4050-191 Porto, Portugal. Phone: +351 228 319890. Email: lia.fernandes@mail.telepac.pt.
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Abstract

Background: The Camberwell Assessment of Need for the Elderly (CANE) is widely used for multidimensional evaluation of older people with mental health problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate reliability and validity of a Portuguese version of CANE.

Method: A cross-sectional multicenter study was designed using a convenience sample of elderly mental health services' users. CANE was compared with EASYCare, GHQ12, MMSE, Barthel Index and GDS15 to assess criterion and construct validity. Inter-rater and test-retest reliability were also assessed.

Results: 79 patients (76% female), with mean age of 74 (± 6.6) years were included. Most patients lived at home with a family caregiver, generally female. Only 32% had no carer. Dementia was the commonest psychiatric diagnosis (61%) and somatic comorbidity was very prevalent (85%). Kappa values (κ) for inter-rater item reliability ranged from 0.72 to 1.00 (mean values: 0.96 patient, 0.93 carer, 0.90 staff). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for total scores ranged from 0.95 to 0.98.

For test-retest item reliability, the mean κ value was: 0.80 patient, 0.77 carer, 0.81 staff. ICC for total scores ranged from 0.82 to 0.92. Given the absence of a gold standard, criterion validity was assessed by comparing CANE with EASYCare (rs0.460; p ≤ 0.01), GDS (rs0.615; p ≤ 0.01), GHQ (rs0.581; p ≤ 0.01) and Barthel Index (rs-0.435; p ≤ 0.01). Overall, inter-item and item-total correlations for CANE and item comparison with other measures indicated reasonable construct validity.

Conclusion: The psychometric proprieties of CANE seem to be consistently good, in accordance with other studies. Robust results on ecological, face, content, criterion and construct validity, as well as good reliability, were achieved. This version is a promising tool for research and practical use in Portuguese old age settings.

Keywords

needs assessmentelderlyolder peopleagedCANEvalidation studies
Type
Research Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 21 , Issue 1 , February 2009 , pp. 94 - 102
Copyright
Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2008

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