Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-14T18:45:37.521Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Depressive symptoms in relation to clinical symptom onset of mild cognitive impairment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 October 2018

Carol K. Chan ,
Anja Soldan ,
Corinne Pettigrew ,
Mei-Cheng Wang ,
Jiangxia Wang ,
Marilyn S. Albert ,
Paul B. Rosenberg  and
BIOCARD Research Team
Carol K. Chan*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
Anja Soldan
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
Corinne Pettigrew
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
Mei-Cheng Wang
Affiliation:
Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
Jiangxia Wang
Affiliation:
Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
Marilyn S. Albert
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
Paul B. Rosenberg
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
BIOCARD Research Team
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Carol Chan, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. Phone: 443-343-2060; Fax: 410-614-5914. Email: cchan46@jhmi.edu.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Objective:

There is increasing evidence of an association between depressive symptoms and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in cross-sectional studies, but the longitudinal association between depressive symptoms and risk of MCI onset is less clear. The authors investigated whether baseline symptom severity of depression was predictive of time to onset of symptoms of MCI.

Method:

These analyses included 300 participants from the BIOCARD study, a cohort of individuals who were cognitively normal at baseline (mean age = 57.4 years) and followed for up to 20 years (mean follow-up = 2.5 years). Depression symptom severity was measured using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D). The authors assessed the association between dichotomous and continuous HAM-D and time to onset of MCI within 7 years versus after 7 years from baseline (reflecting the mean time from baseline to onset of clinical symptoms in the cohort) using Cox regression models adjusted for gender, age, and education.

Results:

At baseline, subjects had a mean HAM-D score of 2.2 (SD = 2.8). Higher baseline HAM-D scores were associated with an increased risk of progression from normal cognition to clinical symptom onset ≤ 7 years from baseline (p = 0.043), but not with progression > 7 years from baseline (p = 0.194). These findings remained significant after adjustment for baseline cognition.

Conclusions:

These results suggest that low levels of depressive symptoms may be predictive of clinical symptom onset within approximately 7 years among cognitively normal individuals and may be useful in identifying persons at risk for MCI due to Alzheimer’s disease.

Keywords

mild cognitive impairmentAlzheimer’s diseasedepressioncognitive impairment
Type
Original Research Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 31 , Issue 4: Issue Theme: Aging and Well-Being , April 2019 , pp. 561 - 569
Copyright
© International Psychogeriatric Association 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Albert, M. et al. (2011). The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer’s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 7, 270–279. doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Albert, M. et al. (2014). Cognitive changes preceding clinical symptom onset of mild cognitive impairment and relationship to ApoE genotype. Current Alzheimer Research, 11, 773–784. doi: 10.2174/156720501108140910121920.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Albert, M. et al. (2018). Progression from normal cognition to mild cognitive impairment for individuals at 5 years. Brain, 141, 877–887. doi: 10.1093/brain/awx365.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alzheimer’s Association (2017). 2017 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 13, 325–373. doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.02.001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, D. E., Alexopoulos, G. S., Lopez, O. L., Williamson, J. D. and Yaffe, K. (2006). Depressive symptoms, vascular disease, and mild cognitive impairment: findings from the Cardiovascular Health Study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63, 273–279. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.63.3.273.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bhalla, R. K. et al. (2006). Persistence of neuropsychologic deficits in the remitted state of late-life depression. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 14, 419–427. doi: 10.1097/01.JGP.0000203130.45421.69.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burt, D. B., Zembar, M. J. and Niederehe, G. (1995). Depression and memory impairment: a meta-analysis of the association, its pattern, and specificity. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 285–305. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.117.2.285.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cummings, J. L., Mega, M., Gray, K., Rosenberg-Thompson, S., Carusi, D. A. and Gornbein, J. (1994). The Neuropsychiatric Inventory comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia. Neurology, 44, 2308–2308. doi: 10.1212/WNL.44.12.2308.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dal Forno, G., Palermo, M. T., Donohue, J. E., Karagiozis, H., Zonderman, A. B. and Kawas, C. H. (2005). Depressive symptoms, sex, and risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Annals of Neurology, 57, 381–387. doi: 10.1002/ana.20405.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dotson, V. M., Beydoun, M. A. and Zonderman, A. B. (2010). Recurrent depressive symptoms and the incidence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment. Neurology, 75, 27–34. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181e62124.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Feldman, H. et al. (2004). Behavioral symptoms in mild cognitive impairment. Neurology, 62, 1199–1201. doi: 10.1212/01.WNL.0000118301.92105.EE.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fisher, L. D. and Lin, D. Y. (1999). Time-dependent covariates in the Cox proportional-hazards regression model. Annual Review of Public Health, 20, 145–157. doi: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.20.1.145.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frank, E. et al. (1991). Conceptualization and rationale for consensus definitions of terms in major depressive disorder: remission, recovery, relapse, and recurrence. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48, 851–855. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810330075011.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fuhrer, R., Dufouil, C. and Dartigues, J. F. (2003). Exploring sex differences in the relationship between depressive symptoms and dementia incidence: prospective results from the PAQUID Study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 51, 1055–1063. doi: 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51352.x.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gabryelewicz, T. et al. (2007). The rate of conversion of mild cognitive impairment to dementia: predictive role of depression. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 22, 563–567. doi: 10.1002/gps.1716.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geda, Y. E. et al. (2008). Prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in mild cognitive impairment and normal cognitive aging: population-based study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 65, 1193–1198. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.65.10.1193.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goveas, J. S., Espeland, M. A., Woods, N. F., Wassertheil-Smoller, S. and Kotchen, J. M. (2011). Depressive symptoms and incidence of mild cognitive impairment and probable dementia in elderly women: the Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 59, 57–66. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03233.x.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hamilton, M. (1960). A rating scale for depression. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 23, 56–62. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hwang, T. J., Masterman, D. L., Ortiz, F., Fairbanks, L. A. and Cummings, J. L. (2004). Mild cognitive impairment is associated with characteristic neuropsychiatric symptoms. Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders, 18, 17–21. doi: 10.1097/00002093-200401000-00004.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kessler, R. C., McGonagle, K. A., Swartz, M., Blazer, D. G. and Nelson, C. B. (1993). Sex and depression in the National Comorbidity Survey I: lifetime prevalence, chronicity and recurrence. Journal of Affective Disorders, 29, 85–96. doi: 10.1016/0165-0327(93)90026-G.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kriston, L. and von Wolff, A. (2011). Not as golden as standards should be: interpretation of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 128, 175–177. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2010.07.011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, G. et al. (2011). Temporal relationship between depression and dementia: findings from a large community-based 15-year follow-up study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68, 970–977. doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Livingston, G. et al. (2017). Dementia prevention, intervention, and care. The Lancet, 390, 2673–2734. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31363-6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lyketsos, C. G., Lopez, O., Jones, B., Fitzpatrick, A. L., Breitner, J. and DeKosky, S. (2002). Prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia and mild cognitive impairment: results from the cardiovascular health study. JAMA, 288, 1475–1483. doi: 10.1001/jama.288.12.1475.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McKhann, G. M. et al. (2011). The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer’s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 7, 263–269. doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, J. C. (1993). The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR): current version and scoring rules. Neurology, 43, 2412–2412. doi: 10.1212/WNL.43.11.2412-a.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Palmer, K. et al. (2010). Neuropsychiatric predictors of progression from amnestic-mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s disease: the role of depression and apathy. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 20, 175–183. doi: 10.3233/JAD-2010-1352.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Panza, F. et al. (2008). Depressive symptoms, vascular risk factors and mild cognitive impairment. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 25, 336–346. doi: 10.1159/000119522.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Panza, F. et al. (2010). Late-life depression, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia: possible continuum? American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18, 98–116. doi: 10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181b0fa13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Petersen, R. C., Smith, G. E., Waring, S. C., Ivnik, R. J., Tangalos, E. G. and Kokmen, E. (1999). Mild cognitive impairment: clinical characterization and outcome. Archives of Neurology, 56, 303–308. doi: 10.1001/archneur.56.3.303.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pettigrew, C. et al. (2016). Cortical thickness in relation to clinical symptom onset in preclinical AD. NeuroImage: Clinical, 12, 116–122. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.06.010.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ravaglia, G. et al. (2008). Prevalent depressive symptoms as a risk factor for conversion to mild cognitive impairment in an elderly Italian cohort. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 16, 834–843. doi: 10.1097/JGP.0b013e318181f9b1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosenberg, P. B., Mielke, M. M., Appleby, B. S., Oh, E. S., Geda, Y. E. and Lyketsos, C. G. (2013). The association of neuropsychiatric symptoms in MCI with incident dementia and Alzheimer disease. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21, 685–695. doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2013.01.006.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saczynski, J. S., Beiser, A., Seshadri, S., Auerbach, S., Wolf, P. A. and Au, R. (2010). Depressive symptoms and risk of dementia: the Framingham Heart Study. Neurology, 75, 35–41. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181e62138.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simons, L. A., Simons, J., McCallum, J. and Friedlander, Y. (2006). Lifestyle factors and risk of dementia: Dubbo study of the elderly. Medical Journal of Australia, 184, 68.Google ScholarPubMed
Sperling, R. A. et al. (2011). Toward defining the preclinical stages of Alzheimer’s disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer’s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 7, 280–292. doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.003.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spira, A. P., Rebok, G. W., Stone, K. L., Kramer, J. H. and Yaffe, K. (2012). Depressive symptoms in oldest-old women: risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20, 1006–1015. doi: 10.1097/JGP.0b013e318235b611.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Steenland, K., Karnes, C., Seals, R., Carnevale, C., Hermida, A. and Levey, A. (2012). Late-life depression as a risk factor for mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer’s disease in 30 US Alzheimer’s disease centers. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 31, 265–275. doi: 10.3233/JAD-2012-111922.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Teng, E., Lu, P. H. and Cummings, J. L. (2007). Neuropsychiatric symptoms are associated with progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s disease. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 24, 253–259. doi: 10.1159/000107100.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilson, R. S., Arnold, S. E., Beck, T. L., Bienias, J. L. and Bennett, D. A. (2008). Change in depressive symptoms during the prodromal phase of Alzheimer disease. Archives of General Psychiatry, 65, 439–445. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.65.4.439.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilson, R. S., Schneider, J. A., Boyle, P. A., Arnold, S. E., Tang, Y. and Bennett, D. A. (2007). Chronic distress and incidence of mild cognitive impairment. Neurology, 68, 2085–2092. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000264930.97061.82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Supplementary material: File

Chan et al. supplementary material

Chan et al. supplementary material 1

Download Chan et al. supplementary material(File)
File 65.1 KB